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Introduction
Published in Jay Gohil, Manan Shah, Application of Big Data in Petroleum Streams, 2022
There are several negative environmental impacts that can be directly attributed to midstream segment activities too, which support the heavy regulations that are imparted on it. The most obvious impacts turn out to be the ones associated with transportation activities, which heavily rely on fossil fuels as key working ingredient. This results in severe effects on surrounding air quality along with the increase in greenhouse gas emissions. Another major issue that’s inherently associated with downstream is the possibility of accidental leaks, spills and explosions caused by transportation medium (like pipelines, railroads and ship tankers). And lastly, the development of infrastructure necessary for proper function of the segment also imparts damage to natural wildlife habitats. In essence, midstream activities affect air pollution, water pollution, climate change and habitat loss.
Laws, Regulations, Initiatives, and More
Published in Eric Koester, Green Entrepreneur Handbook, 2016
Regulation of the midstream sector depends in large part on whether there is intrastate or interstate activity involved. Intrastate activity is regulated under state law, while interstate activity is regulated under federal law. For example, rates and terms of service for transportation of oil by interstate pipeline are regulated by the FERC pursuant to the Energy Policy Act of 1992. The Department of Transportation, through the Office of Pipeline Safety, establishes and enforces safety standards for transportation by pipeline. Each state has one or more agencies that also have authority over pipeline regulation within state borders.
Oil and Gas Security
Published in Maria G. Burns, Managing Energy Security, 2019
Midstream encompasses the processing and transport process (P&T), i.e., transportation from the well to oil refineries or natural gas processing plants, and storage. The particularity of the midstream stage pertains to the wide geographical scope of operations. In this stage, transportation connects the dots between crude, unprocessed energy, and value-added activities.
Work breakdown structure application for man-hours calculation in hull construction shipbuilding in Malaysia
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2019
W. A. Z. Wan Abd Rahman, N. I. Mohd Zaki, M. K. Abu Husain
Three (3) main categories of oil & gas activities in Malaysia are upstream, midstream and downstream. Upstream, known as Exploration and Production (E&P), normally involves finding, extracting and processing oil & gas from subsurface onto surface ready for transportation (Mat Soom, Abu Husain, Mohd Zaki, Azman, & Najafian, 2016). Midstream activities involve transportation and storage of crude oil and natural gas from E&P plant for further processing by pipeline, railway, road or tanker. Downstream, also known as refining & marketing (R&M), can be defined as further processing activity of crude oil and natural gas into a useful final product or raw material for other industry.