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Modular Systems in Coal Industry
Published in Yatish T. Shah, Modular Systems for Energy and Fuel Recovery and Conversion, 2019
The dryer is kept at a slight vacuum to remove steam and inert gases, but is at a low enough temperature to prevent devolatilization. The char then enters a retort where it is raised to 500°C in an oxygen-depleted environment for partial direct liquefaction of the coal feedstock. If desired, hydrogen can be produced or taken from the stoichiometric excess of recycled hydrogen from the Fischer-Tropsch (FT) portion. Because of the cost of hydrogen (thermodynamic and monetary), no excess hydrogen was produced in this model. Hydrogen production effectively removed any economic advantage. If hydrogen were desired in large quantities, integrating a steam methane reformer is the most cost-effective approach.
Optimization of regasified liquefied natural gas based reforming process for syngas production in an ammonia plant
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2020
Anju Sunny, N. Gazliya, K. Aparna
This work presents an optimization study for the reforming process for syngas production from R-LNG feed. In generally the process of optimization entails improving an existing process, situation, device or system. According to a chemical engineer, optimization aims to maximize the gains of a chemical process industry by manipulating decision variables while staying within known constraints (Chaves et al. 2016). Various researches have been done on the reforming process modeling, simulation and optimization. Sinai et al. optimized an industrial steam methane reformer using response surface methodology (Nobandegani et al. 2016). Rajesh et al. optimized operating conditions for an industrial reformer with two objective functions and an end-point constraint, using genetic algorithm (Rajesh et al. 2000). Pantoleontos et al. followed the optimization of H2 yield in the steam methane reforming process as function of heat provided to the reactor wall, which was a single objective problem (Pantoleontos, Kikkinides, and Georgiadis 2012). In comparison with these studies, the focus of our study is the consideration of a large group of variables (six variables) and two objective functions in RSM as well as in HYSYS optimization platforms. Furthermore, the full scope of multiobjective optimization with HYSYS in industrial scale R-LNG based steam reforming process has not been exploited efficiently till date.
Simulation and performance improvement of an industrial steam methane reformer: depreciation and ceramic coating effects
Published in Combustion Theory and Modelling, 2023
Saeedeh Hamoudi, Azadeh Mirvakili, Ahmad Jamekhorshid, Mohamad Gholipour
Steam methane reformer (SMR) is the leading equipment for producing synthesis gas in the petrochemical industry. Synthesis gas is composed of hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, which is the feed of methanol and ammonia plants [3]. Methanol and ammonia are intermediate products in the petrochemical industry, and they are among the most widely used chemicals in the world.