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Chapter 22 Safety-Critical Systems And Engineering Design: Cardiac And Blood-Related Devices
Published in B H Brown, R H Smallwood, D C Barber, P V Lawford, D R Hose, Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, 2017
The choice of membrane will depend on the balance between gas permeability, strength and blood compatibility. There are two common geometries of membrane oxygenator design. These are multiple flat channels and multiple hollow fibre types. The area of membrane required to obtain the correct level of blood oxygenation will depend on the design and can be calculated if it is assumed that complete saturation of the haemoglobin is required.
Glossary of scientific and technical terms in bioengineering and biological engineering
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Scientific and Technical Terms in Bioengineering and Biological Engineering, 2018
Membrane oxygenator uses a semipermeable membrane through which oxygen diffuses into, and carbon dioxide diffuses out of, desaturated blood; no direct blood-gas interface exists, preferred method for long bypass runs.
In Vitro models for thrombogenicity testing of blood-recirculating medical devices
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2019
There are two broad categories of blood recirculating devices: implant devices and external communicating devices. ISO 10093–4 provides guidelines for each category and must be considered in designing thorough thrombosis testing for a new blood-recirculating device (Table 2). The first category, implant devices, include ventricular assist devices (VADs), total artificial hearts (TAH), stents, and tissue heart valves. The second, external communicating devices, include extracorporeal membrane oxygenator systems (ECMO), blood monitors, and hemodialysis equipment. The ISO guidelines for biomaterials testing does not specify which molecular marker should be tested for in vitro or in vivo. In a survey of recently approved blood-recirculating medical devices, the vast majority of studies only focus on hemolysis in vitro (Table 3).
Overview of Impella and mechanical devices in cardiogenic shock
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2018
Hymie Habib Chera, Menachem Nagar, Nai-Lun Chang, Carlos Morales-Mangual, George Dous, Jonathan D. Marmur, Muhammad Ihsan, Paul Madaj, Yitzhak Rosen
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a cardiopulmonary bypass enabling peripheral oxygenation, circulation, and ventilation in patients with long-standing cardiovascular diseases. ECMO uses an inflow cannula which receives deoxygenated blood pumped through an extracorporeal centrifugal pump placed in a membrane oxygenator for gas exchange and reversed via the outflow cannula into venovenous (VV) or venoarterial (VA) systems. VV ECMO uses an inflow cannula located in the femoral vein or internal jugular vein, and oxygenated blood is pumped back through the right atrium or internal jugular vein. VA ECMO, on the other hand, utilizes an inflow cannula in the same location; however, the outflow cannula is located in the aorta or femoral artery. Peripheral ECMO uses the femoral vein and artery and can be performed percutaneously at the bedside or via open surgical placement [4].
Outcomes after mechanical versus manual chest compressions in eCPR patients
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2021
Christopher Gaisendrees, Stephen Gerfer, Borko Ivanov, Anton Sabashnikov, Julia Merkle, Maximilian Luehr, Georg Schlachtenberger, Sebastian G Walter, Kaveh Eghbalzadeh, Elmar Kuhn, Ilija Djordjevic, Thorsten Wahlers
Femoral ECMO cannulation is performed via the Seldinger’s technique. Extracorporeal circulation is then established by using a Rotaflow centrifugal pump (Maquet, Rastatt, Germany) with a Quadrox membrane oxygenator (Maquet, Rastatt, Germany) and the PLS2050 circuit system (Maquet, Rastatt, Germany).