China 
Africa 
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Marine transportation and safety policy
Published in Mark Zacharias, Jeff Ardron, Marine Policy, 2019
Maritime security encompasses piracy, terrorism and criminal activities related to the safety of ships, crews, passengers and cargoes when underway as well as in port. Shipping is a unique endeavour with respect to safety as illegal acts are often perpetrated in international waters (ABNJ). These ships are often registered in flag states different from their ownership state and crewed by citizens of neither state. As such, maritime security regulation requires a degree of international collaboration far in excess of most other modes of transportation. Furthermore, modern terrorism utilizes not just the ship as a means to transport weapons, for the ship itself can be used as a weapon, particularly if the ship is carrying dangerous maritime cargoes (DMCs), which include hydrocarbons and chemicals (Nincic, 2005).
Port Authorities and Regulatory Framework
Published in Maria G. Burns, Port Management and Operations, 2018
The International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code is a wide-ranging set of procedures aiming to increase the security of port facilities and ships. It was developed pursuant to the identified threats to ships and port facilities during the 9/11 attacks in the United States. The ISPS Code is enforced through the International Convention for SOLAS, 1974, namely, SOLAS Chapter XI-2, “Special measures to enhance maritime security.” The code features two parts, part A being mandatory and part B being recommendatory, that is, providing guidelines for implementation (IMO Globallast 2013). The ISPS Code is applicable to vessels on global voyages (i.e., passenger ships, cargo ships of 500 GT and greater, and mobile offshore drilling units) and the respective port facilities serving these vessels.
Automatic Identification System (AIS) as a Tool to Study Maritime Traffic: the Case of the Baltic Sea
Published in Adam Weintrit, Marine Navigation, 2017
Maritime security and safety cover a wide and increasing area: from the management of commercial traffic to the fight against piracy, including sea rescue, counter-terrorism and the protection of port infrastructures. Recent AIS development aims to reinforce maritime safety with reference to the protection of life at sea, the preservation of transported goods, and the protection of the vessel and prevention of collision.
Developing a grounded theory of national maritime policies based on safety, security and environment
Published in Journal of International Maritime Safety, Environmental Affairs, and Shipping, 2021
Oguzhan Turedi, Didem Ozer-Caylan
The emergence of national policies on maritime domain awareness in terms of intelligence, technologies used like reconnaissance radars, SAR satellites, satellite-AIS, and risk analysis that uses the artificial intelligence and decision support is a meaningful indicator for the grounded theory in the context of maritime security. In particular, the grounded theory clearly reveals the importance of the law enforcement efficiency to the fighting crime in maritime domain. In addition, we see that the increasing concern about the cyber security which arises in parallel with the increasing use of technology in maritime, finds its place in this theory.
Repercussions of a weak ocean governance and a non-existent maritime security policy: The resurgence of piracy and Armed Robbery in the Gulf of Mexico
Published in Journal of International Maritime Safety, Environmental Affairs, and Shipping, 2021
Adriana Ávila-Zúñiga Nordfjeld, D. Dalaklis
The ISPS Code establishes that the process of setting security levels focuses on the alert for the perceived risk of terrorism attacks, but Member States can include other security threats in their risk assessment like pirate attacks and armed robbery against vessels and oil platforms. Maritime Security levels apply to ships sailing over the territorial sea and port facilities. However, governments can implement different security levels for different ports, port facilities and different areas of their territorial waters.
Maritime piracy operations: Some legal issues
Published in Journal of International Maritime Safety, Environmental Affairs, and Shipping, 2020
Enforcement of anti-piracy instruments is an arduous task; this argument can be understood if we look at the maritime security regime in general. Maritime security measures usually operate at national, regional, and international levels simultaneously. It is submitted that the anti-piracy regime suffers from weak surveillance, capacity-building, and enforcement mechanisms.