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Non-human Rights Principles for Sanitation Governance
Published in Pedi Chiemena Obani, Strengthening the Human Right to Sanitation as an Instrument for Inclusive Development, 2018
The capacity building principle is contained in the Rio Declaration (1992: principle 9) and the SDGs.154 Capacity building is the process through which communities, groups and organisations acquire the technical and administrative skills which they need to enable them to participate maximally in governance processes to whatever level they may desire (National Research Council [NRC], 2006). The origins of capacity building is linked to the neo-liberal aversion of dependence on external aid and support for individual agency as a means of promoting social development; the attraction is the potential to empower marginalised people through organised trainings to effectively participate in governance and adapt to social change while reducing the pressure on the government and international donors to continue to administer local development programmes (Kenny & Clarke, 2010). This paradigm however ignores the fact that some communities fail to develop not due to lack of capacity but as a result of structural, political and resource drivers that impede their development (Kenny & Clarke, 2010). Conversely, an asset-based approach to capacity building starts from the premise that the target population have existing capacities which can be harnessed for social development (Eade, 1997).
Social capacity building for environmental management related to transport sector
Published in Junyi Zhang, Cheng-Min Feng, Routledge Handbook of Transport in Asia, 2018
Capacity building is another important aspect in defining social capacity. Capacity building can be defined as the enhancement of people’s skills and the capacity of institutions in resource management through education and training (Cicin-Sain and Knecht, 1998). Capacity building pertains to building the capacity of institutions as well as individuals. The emphasis on capacity building in the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development is on endogenous capacity building and the transfer of technological knowledge and scientific understanding for sustainable development. Capacity building in developing countries is discussed with the overall objective of “endogenous capacity building,” which is stated to be “to develop and improve national and related sub-regional and regional capacities and capabilities for sustainable development, with the involvement of the nongovernmental sectors” (Wescott, 2002). Cicin-Sain and Knecht (1998) argue that capacity needs to include four realms: legal and administrative capacity, financial capacity, technical capacity, and human resources capacity.
The relationship between online political participation and privacy protection: evidence from 10 Asian societies of different levels of cybersecurity
Published in Behaviour & Information Technology, 2022
We used the 2015 Global Cybersecurity Index (GCI) to operationalise cybersecurity (Global Cybersecurity Index & Cyberwellness Profiles 2015). The ITU leads the research of GCI to raise awareness of the importance of cybersecurity globally. GCI assesses 193 nation’s cybersecurity in terms of legal, technical, organisational, capacity building, and cooperation perspectives. The legal measures include criminal legislation as well as regulation and compliance. The technical measures include computer incident response team, standards, and certification. The organisational measures include policy, roadmap for governance, responsible agency, and national benchmarking. Capacity building includes standardisation development, manpower development, professional certification, and agency certification. Cooperation measures include intra-state cooperation, intra-agency cooperation, public-private partnerships, and international cooperation. Nations were rated on a continuous scale from 0 to 1, where 1 indicates high security. Societies rated lower than 0.5 on GCI were categorised as societies with low cybersecurity capacity, including Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, and Pakistan. Societies rated higher than 0.5 on GCI were classified as societies with high cybersecurity capacity, including Hong Kong, Singapore, Korea, Japan, India, and Malaysia.
Educating for a systems design approach to complex societal problems
Published in Journal of Engineering Design, 2018
Jairo da Costa Junior, Jan Carel Diehl, Fernando Secomandi
Capacity building is a process through which individuals, organisations, and communities obtain, maintain, or improve individual competences and collective capabilities over time in order to achieve successful outcomes (Baser and Morgan 2008; O‘Rafferty, Curtis, and O’Connor 2014). The process of capacity building is comprised of three major elements: foundational components (e.g. information, culture, and values); competences (e.g. skills, behaviours, and knowledge); and capabilities (e.g. a range of collective skills and competences) (O‘Rafferty, Curtis, and O‘Connor 2014). For this study, capability is understood as an aptitude of a group, team, or organisation to carry out a task, function, or process that enables a system to achieve goals and sustain itself (Baser and Morgan 2008). Competences, in turn, refer to an individual‘s ability to do something (in particular to carry out technical tasks), which can be influenced by motivations, points-of-view, and expertise (ibid). Competences and capabilities are essential parts of the broader concept of capacity building.