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Organometallic Compounds as Heterogeneous Catalysts
Published in Varun Rawat, Anirban Das, Chandra Mohan Srivastava, Heterogeneous Catalysis in Organic Transformations, 2022
Garima Sachdeva, Monu Verma, Varun Rawat, Ved Prakash Verma, Manish Srivastava, Sudesh Kumar, Singh Vanshika
The carbon–carbon bond formation is the basis of many organic reactions, and nucleophilic substitution reaction is one of the reactions for carbon–carbon bond formation. Brown et al. described the method for forming carbon–carbon bonds by a direct nucleophilic substitution reaction with a variety of carbon nucleophiles. The reaction of cyclic ether sulfones with an organozinc reagent in the presence of THF solvent and PhMgBr leads to the formation of a carbon–carbon bond at 2-position of cyclic ethers [56]. The group has tested the reaction with various solvents like THF and diethyl ether, but only THF gave the desired product. Magnesium’s role in this reaction was not clear, but it was an important component as the reaction failed with organozinc species directly prepared from organolithium species. If Grignard reagent could not be used, then magnesium bromide must be added to the reaction mixture.
Applied Chemistry and Physics
Published in Robert A. Burke, Applied Chemistry and Physics, 2020
For example, magnesium combined with bromine results in a compound called magnesium bromide. Magnesium is water reactive when burning, and bromine is a toxic material and an oxidizer. When combined into magnesium bromide, a medication is formed that is used to treat nervous system disorders.
Inorganic Chemical Pollutants
Published in William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel, Reversibility of Chronic Disease and Hypersensitivity, Volume 4, 2017
William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel
Bromine comes from the mineral magnesium bromide (CaBr2). Bromine is found in swimming pools, fumigants, and medications. Bromine is a respiratory irritant that can cause pulmonary edema. A detectable odor of bromine is produced when the concentration in the air reaches the 3–4 pm value. Excess bromine will put a strain on the detoxification systems involving oxidation and conjugation of halogens, and exposure will exacerbate chemical sensitivity. The TLV value for bromine (Br2 is 0.1 ppm, which corresponds to about 0.7 mg/m3).888 Twenty percent of chemically sensitive patients seen at the EHC-Dallas have bromoforms in their blood.
Overcoming the rheological performance and density limitations using a novel high density magnesium bromide based completion fluid in oil and gas reservoirs
Published in Petroleum Science and Technology, 2023
Ramanand Singh, R. Sharma, G. Ranga Rao
In our work, the concept of selecting a magnesium bromide (MgBr2) based CF is highly inspired due to the important and relevant fundamental properties related to MgBr2. We have chosen MgBr2-based completion fluids with the following advantages. This fluid shows a high base density (13.41-lb/gal, specific gravity 1.61). Existing calcium chloride, potassium chloride, and sodium chloride based completion fluid show a density of (11.64-lb/gal, specific gravity 1.39), (9.6-lb/gal, specific gravity 1.15), and (10.02-lb/gal, specific gravity 1.20), respectively, which is at a lower side. A high-density base completion fluid (CF) can use at HPHT reservoirs. So we have explored magnesium bromide based CF, which has great potential to replace existing low and mid-range density CF. High-density single-base CF will require fewer solids or weighting agents to further increase the CF specific gravity hence overall cost optimization will be served. Solid free completion fluid is highly demanding and rheological values can improve. High-density completion fluid (HDCF) systems have properties that must maintain rheological stability at downhole conditions, contain minimal solids, and minimize reservoir damage by satisfying environmental requirements (Dubberley and Magill 2020). Magnesium bromide-based CF displays high solubility in water-soluble (316 g/100 mL at 0 °C). They have a high melting point (MP, 711 °C) and boiling point (BP, 1,250 °C) (Lide 1998). Furthermore, MgBr2 is an ionic compound made of giant ionic lattices at room temperature condition. Magnesium is an alkaline earth metal and any additives will be more stable in the brine’s fluid system for the requirements of a completion fluid. Alkaline pH will provide corrosion-free base CF. An additional advantage is also we do not require any external corrosion inhibitor so the overall cost of CF can be optimized.