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Photocatalytic Inactivation of Pathogenic Viruses Using Metal Oxide and Carbon-Based Nanoparticles
Published in Devarajan Thangadurai, Saher Islam, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Viral and Antiviral Nanomaterials, 2022
Lan Ching Sim, Wei Qing Wee, Shien Yoong Siow, Kah Hon Leong, Jit Jang Ng, Pichiah Saravanan
Lin et al. (2019) and Tong et al. (2020) have reported the studies of CDs derived from Chinese medicine, namely from licorice root and curcumin respectively. Glycyrrhizin (glycyrrhizin acid) is the main active constituent of licorice root. Glycyrrhizin (Fu et al. 2005) and curcumin (Gera et al. 2017) have both shown antiviral, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, and antimicrobial properties. However, cytotoxicity and water solubility limit the application of both compounds. To overcome the disadvantages, they have demonstrated that by converting glycyrrhizin and curcumin to CDs (Gly-CDs and Cur-CDs respectively), the CDs were able to show high biocompatibility. Gly-CDs showed excellent inactivation of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). It was found to inhibit PRRSV invasion and replication, as well as ROS production induced by PRRSV infection. Cur-CDs, on the other hand, showed excellent inactivation of enterovirus 71 (EV71). Cur-CDs were found to inhibit viral attachment to host cell thus suppressing the EV71-induced ROS (Lin et al. 2019; Tong et al. 2020).
Terpenoids in Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disease
Published in Dijendra Nath Roy, Terpenoids Against Human Diseases, 2019
Glycyrrhizic acid (GA), a triterpenoid saponin, has been identified as one of the potent active components of licorice that contributes to its biological and pharmacological activities (Asl and Hosseinzadeh 2008). The study evaluated the neuroprotective efficacy of GA against rotenone-induced oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in a PD rat model (Ojha et al., 2016).
The yield potential and growth responses of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) to mycorrhization under Pb and Cd stress
Published in International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2021
Leila Tabrizi, Mahdiyeh Lakzaei, Babak Motesharezadeh
Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) is a perennial medicinal plant from the Fabaceae family (Liao et al. 2012). Glycyrrhiza consists of 30 species in which only three species of G. glabra, G. uralensis, G. echinata have industrial and pharmaceutical uses. In most pharmacopoeias, licorice root has been considered as a medicinal root (Liao et al. 2012; Ozturk et al. 2017). Also active ingredients of this plant are used in the pharmaceutical, beverage, food and confectionery industries (Ozturk et al. 2017). Licorice contains more than 20 triterpenoids and about 300 flavonoids among which glycyrrhizin, glabridine, 18 beta glycyrrhitic acid and types of flavonoids are the most important active substances which are anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antibacterial (Wang et al. 2015). Many researchers have investigated the phytoremediation ability of medicinal plants grown in heavy metal-contaminated soils (Sabra et al. 2018). However, the role of AMF in reducing heavy metal stress in medicinal plant tissues has not been extensively studied.
Hydrodynamic optimisation to control membrane fouling in glycyrrhizic acid (GA) recovery from the licorice root extract
Published in Indian Chemical Engineer, 2021
S. P. Shewale, S. V. Jadhav, V. K. Rathod
The phenolic compounds play an important role in improving the superiority and nutritious value of food [1]. The general source of phenolic compounds is the crude extract of fruits, herbs, vegetables, cereals and other plant materials [2]. They are found in edible and non-edible plants, and they have been reported to have multiple biological benefits, including antioxidant activity [3]. The licorice root extract has been traditionally used as an important remedial herb for liver diseases, viral fever, stomach pain, etc. [4]. The key active components present in licorice are mainly glycyrrhizic acid (GA), glycoside and glycyrrhizin. These components constitute up to 14% of the total soluble solids content, and they are responsible for the sweet taste in the licorice root extracts [5]. The licorice root also consists of other components in small quantities such as isoflavonoids, sterols, triterpenoids, saponoids, gums and so on [6]. GA is a triterpenoid glycoside compound and a weak acid with five hydroxyl and three carboxyl groups [7,8]. In modern history, licorice root extract is widely used in food, sweet and pharmaceutical products such as herbal supplement, candy, cough syrups, food and drinks [9].
Response surface methodology for optimisation of glycyrrhizic acid extraction from Glycyrrhiza glabra in the aqueous two-phase system
Published in Indian Chemical Engineer, 2023
Kavita J. Lanjekar, Virendra K. Rathod
Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice) is a widely known ancient herb which has been in use for centuries in the traditional medicine system [1]. The main bioactive constituent present in the roots of licorice is a triterpene saponin glycoside known as Glycyrrhizic acid (GA). Glycyrrhizic acid has numerous pharmacological and biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, anticancer and anti-diabetic properties [2–5]. Furthermore, it is effective in the detoxification and protection of the liver and has been used for more than 20 years clinically in patients with chronic hepatitis [6]. In addition to medicinal usage, GA is utilised widely as a sweetener or valuable additive in the food, confectionery and the tobacco industry [7].