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Adsorption of Aromatic Sulfur Compounds from Liquid Fuels
Published in Alexander Samokhvalov, Adsorption on Mesoporous Metal-Organic Frameworks in Solution for Clean Energy, Environment, and Healthcare, 2017
Furthermore, in the majority of reported studies, an alkane solvent in the model fuels was n-octane or n-heptane. The boiling point of n-octane is 125°C, while the boiling point of n-heptane is 98°C. Such n-alkane solvents with rather low boiling points were used to prepare model gasoline, which has a rather low boiling point range. However, commercially available gasoline actually contains mostly isoalkanes (such as isooctane), which are responsible for its high ON. Therefore, the reported short-chain n-alkanes used as solvents for model gasoline are not the representative solvents to model commercial gasoline to be desulfurized by adsorption. The fourth conclusion is that there is only one paper (Li et al. 2012) that reports adsorptive desulfurization on mesoporous MOF with model gasoline containing isooctane, that is, the kind of solvent representative of “real” gasoline.
Synthesis Gas Chemistry
Published in Saeed Sahebdelfar, Maryam Takht Ravanchi, Ashok Kumar Nadda, 1 Chemistry, 2022
Saeed Sahebdelfar, Maryam Takht Ravanchi, Ashok Kumar Nadda
Isosyhtesis process is a variant of FTS which is unique for its selective conversion of syngas into branched hydrocarbons, mainly C4–C8 paraffins. The main reason for developing this process was production of isobutane for producing high-octane gasoline by alkylation to isooctane (Shah and Perrotta, 1976).
Synergy effects of Novec 1230 and venting on ethanol-gasoline vapor explosion inhibition
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2021
Chuanyu Pan, Jiangyue Zhao, Xiaolong Zhu, Huazhong Sun, Guochun Li, Yangpeng Liu, Xishi Wang
In this work, the blend fuel of ethanol-gasoline (E10) was used as the experimental fuel, which is one of the most used vehicle oil in China (Tao, Yu, and Wu 2011); countries like Australia and Canada are also adopting the 10% content (Kheiralla, Tola, and Bakhit 2017). Table 1 lists the main properties of the fuel, and it can be noted that E10 was made up with 10.58% ethanol and 89.42% unleaded 92# gasoline. Here, the unleaded 92# gasoline’s antiknock performance is the same as the standard gasoline with 92% isooctane and 8% n-heptane. Besides, Novec 1230 was chosen as the explosion inhibition in Table 1, the commonly name is Novec 1230 (produced by 3 M), which is liquid at normal ambient pressure since that the its boiling point was 49°C. Before ignition, E10 was sprayed into the inner bottom of the duct by a pipette and then, different initial volumes of Novec 1230 were also taken by another pipette to add into duct. After adding the fuel and inhibitor during each experiment, the opening areas were sealed with the membrane( = 4.403 kPa·m). E10 and Novec 1230 were heated to evaporate by the heating plate with the temperature of 333 K together, the 60 L/ min circulating pump was used to homogenize the vapor/air mixture, and then the ignition was triggered. After ignition, the air compress was used to clean the exhaust gas in the duct.
Analysis of laminar premixed flame structure of isooctane/2-methylfuran/air mixtures with a skeletal mechanism
Published in Combustion Theory and Modelling, 2021
Apart from the works mentioned by Sarathy et al. [14] and Zhen et al. [15], Cancino et al. [16] have recently proposed a multi-component gasoline surrogate (composed of isooctane, n-heptane, toluene, methylcyclohexane, 1-hexene and ethanol) mechanism with 326 chemical species and 4885 reactions. Similarly, Bhattacharya et al. [17] have proposed another multi-component gasoline surrogate mechanism containing only 108 species and 1605 reactions. Apart from the multi-component surrogates, tri-component gasoline surrogates (containing isooctane, n-heptane and toluene) have also been adopted in many chemical kinetic studies [18–20] to represent the RON and octane sensitivity correctly. One common fact about all the gasoline surrogates is that isooctane and n-heptane together represent the highest share of constituent species. Therefore, the binary blends of isooctane and n-heptane (representing the octane numbers of the corresponding gasoline fuel) have popularly been used for the chemical kinetic analysis of gasoline combustion [14,21,22]. This binary blend is called primary reference fuel (PRF) and its isooctane content is proportional to the octane number of the gasoline it represents. As most practical gasolines have octane numbers above 85, isooctane is the dominating component in PRF combustion chemistry. Therefore, isooctane is considered to be an excellent candidate for fundamental gasoline oxidation studies [23]. In recent past, Wang et al. [24] and Li et al. [25] have proposed chemical kinetic mechanisms for pyrolysis and high temperature oxidation of isooctane respectively.
Clean conversion of methanol to high octane components on ZnI2 catalyst
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2020
Weiwei Chen, Rui Zong, Jigang Zhao, Xiaolong Zhou, Chenglie Li
However, triptane content in oil products drops with increasing additive amount as shown in Figure 1(c). Triptane yield, based on total carbon in which carbon of additives is also included, sometimes slightly drops after adding 25% additives as shown in Figure 1(d). It might be a result of side reactions and incomplete transformation of those additives. For isopropanol, the amount of C3 and C9 + species increase. Although C9 + species also increases for isopropanol, but it is rarely seen there because it contains hundreds of constituents. It is also seen C5 species obviously increase by adding isopentanol, whilst C4 and C8 increase for tertbutanol. It is known that isobutene can be dimerized to form trimethylpentene on acid catalyst. The corresponding isooctane is of high octane number, therefore, both of isooctane and triptane are important and ideal components for aviation gasoline.