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Scope and Application of Bionanotechnology for the Bioremediation of Emerging Contaminants Generated as Industrial Waste Products
Published in Naveen Dwivedi, Shubha Dwivedi, Bionanotechnology Towards Sustainable Management of Environmental Pollution, 2023
Md Shahid Alam, Surabhi Rode, Harry Kaur, Sapna Lonare, Deena Nath Gupta
Organophosphate (OP) is indispensable as it is associated with several biological activities such as signaling, regulation, synthesis, and transduction of energy. On the contrary, they are used in the agriculture field as pesticides and chemical warfare due to their stability. The model substrates of OP, such as paraoxon, are studied to check the toxicity and the mechanism behind their activity. Owing to the catalytic and degradation efficiency, several detoxifying strategies are conducted by mimicking the enzymes. Silva et al. (2017) developed imidazole-derived nanocatalysts due to their resemblance with the enzymes' active site and their ability to act both as acid-base or nucleophilic catalysts (Silva et al., 2017). The NPs of Ag, Au, and bimetallic AgAu, in the form of AgSiO2, AuSiO2, and AgAuSiO2, were designed to degrade organophosphate (OP) pesticides. The NPs were functionalized with methimazole (MTZ), consisting of thiol and imidazole entities. The MTZ reacted via Sulfur moiety with AuNPs and through the nitrogen group of imidazole with AgNPs. Due to the free imidazole group, these nanocatalysts were highly reactive and efficient in the degradation process. Paraoxon, the model substrate of OPs, and the simulant diethyl-2,4-dinitrophenyl phosphate (DEDNPP) were considered for the detoxification study. Generally, paraoxon takes 600 years for its 50% degradation, but with the advent of imidazole-coated nanocatalysts, very rapid degradation was reported. Within seven days, 50% of paraoxon was degraded.
N-Heterocycles
Published in Navjeet Kaur, Metals and Non-Metals, 2020
Imidazole is found in the theophylline molecule found in tea leaves and coffee beans, which stimulates the central nervous system. Apart from its use for pharmaceutical purposes, it also has applications in industries. For instance, imidazole is extensively used as a corrosion inhibitor on certain transition metals like copper. The thermostable polybenzimidazole (PBI) contains imidazole fused to a benzene ring acts as a fire retardant. Imidazole can also be found in various compounds which are used for photography and electronics. Its derivatives have a wide range of pharmacological applications. Imidazole and its derivatives have been reported to have anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-neoplastic, cardiovascular activity, enzyme inhibiting, anti-fungal, anti-filarial, anti-helmintic, anti-ulcer and anti-viral properties [8–15].
Greener Synthesis of Potential Drugs
Published in Ahindra Nag, Greener Synthesis of Organic Compounds, Drugs and Natural Products, 2022
Renata Studzińska, Renata Kołodziejska, Daria Kupczyk
Compounds containing imidazole ring show various pharmacological activities, among others, antifungal, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antitubercular, antidepressant, anticancer, and antileishmanial activities [65].
Nano SiO2 catalytic synthesis, NMR spectral studies, photophysical properties and theoretical studies of some styryl imidazole derivatives
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2022
P. Navamani, K. Jayamoorthy, N. Srinivasan
Imidazoles are important class of heterocyclic compounds that contains two nitrogen’s in a five member ring. Many researchers have been focusing their research on these imidazole derivatives for their wide dispersed application in the field of an integral part of intermediates,[1] drugs,[2] pesticides,[3] dyes,[4,5] organized assemblies,[6] laser dyes,[7] and complex forming agents.[8] Especially substituted styryl imidazole derivatives have been extensively studied since of their good luminescent properties.[9–11] At present, many researchers have been reported varieties of synthetic route for the preparation of variety of imidazole derivatives.[12,13] These methods are often superior, but certain crisis also there like low yields, very elongated reaction times, use of costly reagents, use of poisonous agents, blend of products, and be short of simplification and were not applied for the synthesis of structurally diverse imidazoles. The scheming of straight forward, properly organized, high-yielding and environmentally friendly protocol may be a substantial challenge to researchers.
Microwave-assisted synthesis and DNA-binding studies of half-sandwich ruthenium(II) arene complexes containing phenanthroimidazole-triarylamine hybrids
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2021
Ramakrishnan Abhijna Krishna, Ramachandran Dheepika, Mathiyan Muralisankar, Samuthira Nagarajan
The present work came from our continuous interests in studying the chemotherapeutic activity of half sandwiched ruthenium(II) complexes. 1,10-Phenanthroline (phen) is a typical chelating bidentate ligand that shows novel properties by coordinating to different transition metals [27–29]. It is a heteroaromatic system having beautifully placed nitrogen atoms acting cooperatively, with remarkable characters such as rigidity, planarity, hydrophobicity, and electron deficiency [30, 31]. Triarylamine (TAA) derivatives exhibit various pharmacological activities. Organometallic half-sandwich Ir(III) complexes containing TAA substituted bipyridyl ligands were able to oxidize NADH to NAD+ efficiently and they showed good binding property to DNA and bovine serum albumin [32]. They hold an exceptional mode of interaction with DNA and are exclusively bound to quadruplex DNA [33, 34]. Imidazole is important in the field of medicinal chemistry as it is a constituent in biologically important molecules like histidine, histamine, biotin, alkaloids, nucleic acids, etc. and has shown anticancer activity [35, 36].
Research on treatment of oil-based drill cuttings based on ionic liquids synergistic solvent extraction
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2023
Ionic liquids (ILs) are salts that are liquid at room temperature or close to room temperature. It is an ionic compound composed entirely of anions and cations.[14–16] Therefore, ILs’ physical and chemical properties can be improved by changing the anion and cation or fine-tuning the alkyl chain of the cation.[17,18] According to the different cations, ILs are divided into four categories: imidazoles, quaternary ammonium salts, quaternary phosphines, and pyridines. Imidazole ILs are primarily used in organic synthesis, catalysis, extraction, and separation.[19] There are three primary reasons for choosing ILs. Safety and environmental protection: it has ultra-low saturated vapor pressure and is not volatile,[20] reducing the environmental pollution of volatile organic solvents.[21]Extraction performance: Ionic liquid is an ionic compound, which has a faster dispersion speed in the system, and its dispersion coefficient is several orders of magnitude higher than that of general organic solvents, which can achieve rapid separation of oil–water–solid three phases.Extraction cost: the solubility of ILs can be significantly changed by adding a minimal amount of regulators.[22,23] With this feature, it is easy to separate the ILs from the oil phase and achieve reuses.