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Sample Handling in Infrared Spectroscopy — An Overview
Published in Patricia B. Coleman, Practical Sampling Techniques for INFRARED ANALYSIS, 2020
KBr can also undergo ion exchange with certain types of samples.8 For example, the spectrum of a KBr pellet prepared from an amine hydrochloride will usually exhibit some of the bands of the corresponding amine hydrobromide. Inorganic salts can also undergo anion exchange with KBr. Finally, there is the question of polymorphism. The forces involved in grinding, and especially in the pressing of a powdered solid, can convert one polymorphic form into another. The possibility of this happening is probably a little greater for a pellet than for a mull, although it can occur with either type of preparation.9 While KBr is most frequently used for making pellets, other materials, such as CsBr, CsI, etc. have been used as well. The procedures for pressing these materials are different and the recommendations of the vendor who provided the die should be followed.
Formulation Development of Small-Volume Parenteral Products
Published in Sandeep Nema, John D. Ludwig, Parenteral Medications, 2019
Madhav S. Kamat, Patrick P. DeLuca
A review by Serajuddin about the principles of salt formation and its utility in formulation was published [28]. It surveyed about 120 salts approved by the FDA during the 12-year period from 1995 to 2006 and showed that the hydrochloride salt was the predominant salt form among the basic drugs, and the sodium salt was the predominant form for acidic drugs. About 77% of the salts of basic drugs were prepared with relatively stronger counterions (hydrochloride, hydrobromide/bromide, sulfate/bisulfate, and nitrate). Similarly, 14 out of 19 salts of acidic drugs were prepared with strong alkalis such as NaOH and KOH.
Composition of Proprietary Products Approved in the United States
Published in Sarfaraz K. Niazi, Handbook of Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Formulations, Third Edition, 2019
RELPAX® (eletriptan) tablets for oral administration contains 24.2 or 48.5 mg of eletriptan hydrobromide, equivalent to 20 or 40 mg of eletriptan, respectively. Each tablet also contains the inactive ingredients microcrystalline cellulose NF, lactose NF, croscarmellose sodium NF, magnesium stearate NF, titanium dioxide USP, hypromellose, triacetin USP, and FD&C Yellow No. 6 Aluminum Lake.
Unidirectional seeded growth of l -Glutamic acid hydrobromide single crystal and its characterization
Published in Phase Transitions, 2020
M. Senthilkumar, Pramod K. Singh, Vijay Singh, R. Sathyalakshmi, K. Pandiyan, R. K. Karn
l-Glutamic acid is a non-essential amino acid found in myosin, insulin, edestein, etc. It is used in excitatory neurotransmission and is also very important in the metabolism of sugars and fats. l-Glutamic acid hydrobromide is a halogen acid salt of l-Glutamic acid. The growth of the above-mentioned material by solvent evaporation is also reported [14]. Also, detailed property analysis of l-Glutamic acid-based amino acid single crystals were carried out by various groups using conventional solution growth/solvent evaporation methods analyzing the various properties of the crystal [15–18]. Sankaranarayanan–Ramasamy (SR) method of crystal growth [19] is gaining a large momentum in solution growth in the recent years for its experimental simplicity and its favorable unidirectional growth processes for type of crystals [20]. It is an effective and most useful method in the growth of bulk NLO crystals with technological applications. In SR method, the crystals used to grow that have a positive, zero or negative coefficient of solubility. Also SR method is suitable for the crystal growth of semi-organic crystals and its derivatives that have a narrow temperature range for thermal stability since growth of crystals involves isothermal processes. In this research paper, we report synthesis of l-Glutamic acid hydrobromide (l-GluHBr) compound and the growth and characterization of l-GluHBr single crystals by SR method for the first time.
Multivariate comparison of photocatalytic properties of thirteen nanostructured metal oxides for water purification
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2019
Jakub Trawiński, Robert Skibiński
Stock solutions of pure pharmaceutical substances freely soluble in water (chlorpromazine hydrochloride, promazine hydrochloride, chlorprothixene hydrochloride, doxepin hydrochloride, quetiapine hemifumarate, opipramol dihydrochloride, tiapride hydrochloride, loxapine succinate, fluoxetine hydrochloride, moclobemide, fluvoxamine maleate, paroxetine hydrochloride hemihydrate) were prepared in the gradient grade water at concentration 1 mg mL−1. Stock solution of ziprasidone hydrochloride was prepared in gradient grade water at concentration 0.2 mg mL−1. Stock solution of amisulpride was prepared in gradient grade acetonitrile at concentration 10 mg mL−1. In the case of the substances obtained from pharmaceutical formulations the equivalents of 10 mg (trazodone hydrochloride, citalopram hydrobromide, clorazepate dipotassium, fluphenazine dihydrochloride, sertraline hydrochloride and reboxetine methanesulfonate) or 100 mg (agomelatine, clozapine, olanzapine and carbamazepine) of substance was weighted and, after 5 min of ultrasonic sweeping with 10 mL of gradient grade water (or 10 mL of gradient grade acetonitrile, in the case of substances poorly soluble in water), centrifuged at 15,000 RPM for 5 min. Stock solution of risperidone was prepared in acetonitrile at concentration 5 mg mL−1 (due to its poor solubility), with the use of described procedure. All given concentrations corresponded to concentration of free base or acid.
Blue perovskite light-emitting diodes (LEDs): A minireview
Published in Instrumentation Science & Technology, 2020
Jin et al.[21] proposed a unique strategy for preparing efficient and stable blue perovskite light-emitting diodes. By introducing two different ligands phenethylamine hydrobromide and N-(2-bromomethyl)-1, 3-propane diamine dihydro bromide into the perovskite precursor, a unique ligand synergistic effect was obtained. The introduction of phenethylamine hydrobromide significantly improved the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of perovskite films.