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Inflammatory Biomarkers: An Important Tool for Herbal Drug Discovery
Published in Mahfoozur Rahman, Sarwar Beg, Mazin A. Zamzami, Hani Choudhry, Aftab Ahmad, Khalid S. Alharbi, Biomarkers as Targeted Herbal Drug Discovery, 2022
Mahfoozur Rahman, Ankit Sahoo, Mohammad Atif, Sarwar Beg
Garlic is a herb grown throughout India. It has allicin, a compound that contains sulfate that gives a smooth odor and has significant hypoglycemic activity (Sheela et al., 1992). The hypoglycemic impact is supposed to be attributed to enhanced hepatic metabolism, enhanced beta-cell glucose discharge, or insulin-sparing (Zacharias et al., 1980). Garlic aqueous homogenate (10 ml/kg/day) orally administered to rabbits for 2 months 10 g/kg/day in the water, hepatics glycogen and amino acid, rapid sugar, and serum triglycerides decrease, as opposed to sucrose controls (Augusti et al., 1996). S-allyl cysteine is oxidant-controlled sulfur that contains the amino acid, a precursor of garlic oil and allicin, rather than insulin and glibenclamide that controls the lipid by oxidation (Al-Awadi et al., 1987). Garlic also exhibits anticancer, antimicrobial, and cardioprotective activities.
H-pyrazole
Published in Yuli Rahmawati, Peter Charles Taylor, Empowering Science and Mathematics for Global Competitiveness, 2019
I. Ikhtiarudin, N. Frimayanti, Jasril
The oral administration of Compound 2 at dosages of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight also showed the ability to significantly (p < 0.05) increase the percentage change in weight of the mice compared to the negative control, as depicted in Figure 3. A higher percentage change in weight indicated a better ability to prevent weight loss in diabetic mice. From the first until the seventh day, the negative control showed the weight of the diabetic mice decreasing, whereas the groups treated with Compound 2 at dosages of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight showed increasing body weight. This result indicated that the oral administration of Compound 2 at all three dosages was able to prevent weight loss in the diabetic mice. By the seventh day, Compound 2 at dosages of 20, 50 and 100 mg/kg of body weight showed increases in weight of 3.94%, 5.71%, and 7.67%, respectively; the anti-diabetic drug glibenclamide gave an increase in weight of 9.95%. Based on the statistical analysis, the oral administration of Compound 2 at a dosage of 100 mg/kg of body weight did not show a significant (p > 0.05) difference in the ability to prevent the weight loss of diabetic mice compared to glibenclamide.
Hypoglycaemia and Hypoglycaemia Awareness
Published in Anthony N. Nicholson, The Neurosciences and the Practice of Aviation Medicine, 2017
Patients with Type 2 diabetes can experience hypoglycaemia whether treated with insulin or sulphonylureas, and severe and occasionally fatal outcomes have been recorded for both treatments. Reported rates of hypoglycaemia in clinical trials may underestimate hypoglycaemic risk. In the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (1998b), a trial of intensive therapy among patients with Type 2 diabetes, the proportion of patients suffering a major hypoglycaemic event per year was 0.4 per cent for those taking chlorpropamide, 0.6 per cent for glibenclamide and 2.3 per cent for insulin. Median HbA1c values were comparable with studies of intensive insulin therapy in Type 1 diabetes, suggesting that the risks of hypoglycaemia are less in those with Type 2 diabetes, but higher during insulin treatment. Population-based studies suggest severe hypoglycaemia may be more common. Akram et al. (2006) reported a frequency of 0.44 episodes each year, around a third of those reported for individuals with Type 1 diabetes, a rate confirmed in a British population (Donnelly et al., 2005). Since the prevalence of Type 2 diabetes is far greater, these data indicate that severe hypoglycaemia is the greater overall problem in individuals with Type 2 diabetes.
Antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects of a methanolic extract of Mimosa pudica (Fabaceae) in diabetic rats
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2019
Subramani Parasuraman, Teoh Huey Ching, Chong Hao Leong, Urmila Banik
The MEMP and glibenclamide treated groups showed a reduction of the glucose levels compared to diabetic control. The decrease of the glucose levels may be due to the plasma insulin levels elevation or the enhancement of the blood glucose transportation in the peripheral tissue [33]. Glibenclamide could enhance the insulin secretion from the pancreatic beta cells by the closure of KATP channels. As a result, the membrane will be depolarized and cause the activation of the voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels. The influx of the Ca2+ to the cells will initiate the secretion of insulin [34]. The production of insulin could lower down the glucose level and reverse back the glycemic control. There was a significant elevation of the glucose levels in the diabetic control and this may due to the damage of the beta cells of the pancreas.
Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, X-ray crystal structure, antimicrobial, DNA-binding, alkaline phosphatase and insulin-mimetic studies of oxidovanadium(IV) complexes of azomethine precursors
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2020
Khurram Shahzad Munawar, Saqib Ali, Muhammad Nawaz Tahir, Nasir Khalid, Qamar Abbas, Irfan Zia Qureshi, Shabbir Hussain, Muhammad Ashfaq
Animals were divided into 10 groups, each containing five animals and treated with acute doses (35.9 mg kg−1 body weight) of HL1–HL4 and 1–4. Positive control groups were treated with a known antidiabetic drug Glibenclamide (Euglucon, Roche Pharma) in distilled water at the dose of 10 mg kg−1 body weight. Following were the treatment groups: