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Electrochemical Transducers for Biosensors
Published in Sibel A. Ozkan, Bengi Uslu, Mustafa Kemal Sezgintürk, Biosensors, 2023
Ali A. Ensafi, Parisa Nasr-Esfahani
Small molecule detection with high selectivity that ions do not disturb is difficult. Therefore, methods based on analyte-induced enzymatic reactions, inhibition of enzyme activities, antibodies, and aptamers are commonly used to identify small molecules. So far, many small molecules such as galactose, cholesterol, urea, and lactate have been detected using potentiometric biosensors. A disease in which the body cannot transform galactose to glucose is called galactosemia, a genetic disorder. The treatment for this disease is to avoid eating foods containing galactose. Therefore, it is very important to provide easy-to-use and straightforward tools for detecting galactose in nutrition and the blood of these patients outside of labs. Bouri et al. reported a disposable, low-cost, and simple paper-based potentiometric biosensor for galactose detection in whole blood.
Metabolomics profiling of valproic acid-induced symptoms resembling autism spectrum disorders using 1H NMR spectral analysis in rat model
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2022
Hyang Yeon Kim, Yong-Jae Lee, Sun Jae Kim, Jung Dae Lee, Suhkmann Kim, Mee Jung Ko, Ji-Woon Kim, Chan Young Shin, Kyu-Bong Kim
Galactosemia is a similar symptom detected in ASD, which is an inborn error of metabolism produced by a deficiency in one of three enzymes; uridine diphosphate galactose 4-epimerase, galactokinase, or galactose-1-phosphate uridyl-transferase (GALT), resulting in increased galactose and galactonate levels in urine (Rubio-Gozalbo et al. 2019; Wehrli et al. 1997). The expression of these galactosemia-related enzymes was reported in ASD by Rubio-Gozalbo et al. (2019).