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Published in Mark J. Kaiser, Arno de Klerk, James H. Gary, Glenn E. Hwerk, Petroleum Refining, 2019
Mark J. Kaiser, Arno de Klerk, James H. Gary, Glenn E. Hwerk
Residual fuel oils, also called resids or simply fuel oils, are often classed as light and heavy fuels based on their viscosity and sulfur content. Sulfur in crude oil tends to accumulate in the heavier fractions, and the sulfur content of the gas oil fraction from distillation is unlikely to meet the market specification without additional processing. The primary use of fuel oil is to power oceangoing vessels and for power generation, and it is the only class with decreasing consumption over time (Figure 2.3). Fuel oil is a sludgy highly viscous fuel that must be heated or mixed with cutter stock to pump through fuel systems. Residual fuel contains large amounts of sulfur, and if the sulfur content exceeds 1 wt% then they are referred to as high-sulfur fuels.
Nonrenewable Energy Resources
Published in Julie Kerr, Introduction to Energy and Climate, 2017
Gasoline is the main petroleum product consumed in the United States, followed by distillate fuel oil, hydrocarbon gas liquids (HGL), propane, and jet fuel. Distillate fuel oil includes diesel fuel and heating oil. Diesel fuel is used in the diesel engines of heavy construction equipment, trucks, buses, tractors, boats, trains, some automobiles, and electricity generators. Heating oil, also called fuel oil, is used in boilers and furnaces to heat homes and buildings, for industrial heating, and for producing electricity. Total distillate fuel oil consumption in 2014 was more than 4 million barrels per day, or 21 percent of total petroleum consumption.
Description of Multiple-Hearth Furnace
Published in Frank R. Spellman, Incinerating Biosolids, 2020
Fuel oil is usually stored in large tanks in a containment area outside the furnace building. Oil is pumped from the tank by a fuel oil pump located, in this case, at the oil supply pumping station located between the tanks. From the pump, the oil travels through its associated piping system to each burner. The oil supply pumping station is equipped with suction heaters and heating and circulating units with their associated control and safety valves. Each fuel tank is equipped with an oil tank level gauge; remote monitoring of fuel levels in each tank is provided by oil level indicator alarms located on the central control console.
Numerical investigation on gasification process of heavy fuel oil in an entrained flow gasifier
Published in Petroleum Science and Technology, 2023
Hamidreza Farshi Fasih, Hojat Ghassemi, Hasan Karimi MazraeShahi
The combustion of fuel oil causes environmental pollution, as well as the formation of more amounts of coke that decreases the efficiency of combustion chambers. Hence, it is required to employ advanced systems with developed combustion specifications. Gasification is a critical technology that can be taken on a particular role to clean power generation and lowering energy consumption. Gasification is a thermochemical process with an insufficient gasifying agent, and it converts carbonaceous materials to synthetic gas (syngas) which mainly consists of H2 and CO. The advantages of gasification over other combustion processes are: applicable to various carbon-based feedstocks such as coal, petroleum coke, and heavy refinery residues, lower amounts of ash in terms of produced gases with higher calorific value, employing the integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) plant for power generation, and production of chemicals like methanol and hydrogen.
Correlation of methodologies for predicting asphaltene content of low sulfur heavy stock fuel oil from CCR content
Published in Petroleum Science and Technology, 2022
Srimanta Guin, M. Vanamamalai, Manisha Saraswat, Vipin Bansal, Tanmay Mandal, Ajay K. Arora, Deepak Saxena
Fuel oil is a viscous residual fuel obtained by blending mainly heavier components from crude distillation unit, short residue and clarified oil from fluidized catalytic cracker unit (FCCU) (Uhler et al. 2016 and Speight 2011). Fuel oil finds its use in both industrial and domestic purposes for power generation, steam generation, increasing the temperature of process steam in large ships etc (Atiku 2015 and Al-Fatlawi, Hossain, and Osborne 2017). The major sectors that utilize fuel oil in their burning plants are steam boilers, coke ovens, blast furnaces, cement kilns and refinery heaters/furnaces etc. Fuel oils are of different grades and each grade has different characteristics depending on the blended proportion of each component and their sources (Fritt-Rasmussen et al. 2018). Owing to higher sulfur content in fuel oil and the level of pollution it can cause, a ban on its use was imposed by National Green Tribune (NGT) in India. Since fuel oil is a major energy sources at different industrial sectors, an alternate fuel is required with properties equivalent to fuel oil which should comply with the environmental benignity. To circumvent the issues related to the use of fuel oil, a new product Low Sulfur Heavy Stock (LSHS Premium) was developed by a leading oil company in India. LSHS (Premium) is residual oil processed from crude oil with low sulfur content, and consequently have lower emissions compared to normal grade fuel oil. Further, LSHS (Premium) has higher calorific value alongside low pour point and kinematic viscosity which adds to the superiority of this fuel over fuel oil. These aforementioned properties of LSHS (Premium) make it a suitable replacement of fuel oil to be used in boilers, furnaces, DG sets or any other heaters.