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Nanomedicines for Ocular NSAIDs: State-of-the-Art Update of the Safety on Drug Delivery
Published in Lajos P. Balogh, Nano-Enabled Medical Applications, 2020
Joana R. Campos, Joana Araújo, Elisabet Gonzalez-Mira, Maria A. Egea, Elena Sanchez-Lopez, Marta Espina, Selma B. Souto, Maria L. Garcia, Eliana B. Souto
Other cationic polymers used for nanosphere production are synthetic acrylic copolymers, such as Eudragit®. Pignatello et al. formulated nanoparticles with Eudragit RL and RS using a modified quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion technique and solvent evaporation method [72]. Administration of these nanoparticles in rabbits, sustained release, and increased absorption of the incorporated NSAIDs (ibuprofen and flurbiprofen) were observed. Furthermore, no inflammation or discomfort was detected in the rabbits’ eyes, suggesting a local tolerance of these nanoparticles [73, 74].
Lipase-Mediated Biocatalysis as a Greener and Sustainable Choice for Pharmaceutical Processes
Published in Peter Grunwald, Pharmaceutical Biocatalysis, 2020
Monika Sharma, Tanya Bajaj, Rohit Sharma
Various other examples of NSAIDs include ketoprofen, ketorolac, flurbiprofen (Fig. 1.3). A recent report suggests that the stereoselective hydrolysis of the NSAID-esters can directly give rise to the active drug components—the enantiopure propionic acid. The use of three different esterases was reported for the enantioselective hydrolysis of the naproxen, ibuprofen, and flurbiprofen-butyl ester derivatives. Out of which an engineered esterase from Bacillus subtilis outperformed enzymes from wild-type Halomonas elongata and Bacillus coagulans (Padrosa et al., 2019).
Homogeneous Asymmetric Catalysis as an Important Tool for the Production of Fine Chemicals and Pharmaceutical Products
Published in John R. Kosak, Thomas A. Johnson, Catalysis of Organic Reactions, 2020
A. S. C. Chan, S. A. Laneman, R. E. Miller, J. H. Wagenknecht, J. P. Coleman
Traditionally, this type of olefin is made by cyanohydrin chemistry (Figure 5) [8]. The biggest problems for this type of chemistry are (1) high cost due to the use of an expensive raw material (Et3Al); and (2) handling hazardous materials such as HCN. The problem of using HCN is more severe if long-distance transportation of the material is required. Since carbon dioxide is by far the most economical raw material for the production of carboxylic acids and derivatives, the ability to make high-valued organic compounds from C02 via electrochemistry opens up an excellent opportunity in the production of fine chemicals. Clearly this opportunity is not limited to naproxen. Other pharmaceutical products of similar functionality such as ibuprofen, fenoprofen, ketoprofen, flurbiprofen, etc., can be good target candidates.
Flurbiprofen-loaded interpenetrating polymer network beads based on alginate, polyvinyl alcohol and methylcellulose: design, characterization and in-vitro evaluation
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2020
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are frequently preferred for the treatment chronic disorders caused by inflammation [1]. Flurbiprofen (FBP), a phenyl propionic acid derivative non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, is is used commonly worldwide for long-term treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteo arthritis [2–4]. However, FBP, a poor water soluble drug, requires frequent dose administration in order to achieve therapeutic concentration because of its short elimination half-life (2–6 h) [2,5]. In addition, like other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, when this drug is taken orally it shows adverse side effects including gastrointestinal disorders [6–8], and is rapidly completely absorbed following oral administration [4]. Therefore, gastrointestinal problems and other side effects can be reduced by using biodegradable beads/micro-nano spheres of this drug. The related studies concerning the the encapsulation of FBP have been reported in the literature [3,6,8–10]. Coimbra et al. [6] prepared poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) microspheres containing flurbiprofen by an oil-in-water emulsion solvent evaporation method as a particulate drug delivery system for localized administration. Kawadkar et al. [8] also investigated the drug release behavior of FBP-loaded genipin crosslinked gelatin microspheres. On the other hand, Lu et al. [9] prepared gelatin microspheres including flurbiprofen using a emulsion-congealing method for intra-articular administration.
Formulation and evaluation of thermosensitive flurbiprofen in situ nano gel for the ocular delivery
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2021
Balaji Maddiboyina, Vikas Jhawat, Prasanna Kumar Desu, Sivaraman Gandhi, Ramya Krishna Nakkala, Sima Singh
Flurbiprofen pertains to the class of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents practiced in the prevention of miosis throughout ocular surgery and postoperative ocular inflammation. It is practically insoluble in water. Its mechanism of action is assumed to be concluded by the inhibition of the cyclooxygenase enzyme that is indispensable in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. The usual adult dose of flurbiprofen sodium ophthalmic solution for the inhibition of intraoperative miosis is a total of four drops—1 drop almost every 1/2 h, commencement 2 h formerly surgery [7].