China 
Africa 
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Microscopic Tissue Imaging
Published in Vadim Backman, Adam Wax, Hao F. Zhang, A Laboratory Manual in Biophotonics, 2018
Vadim Backman, Adam Wax, Hao F. Zhang
Many fluorescent dyes are commercially available today, including a wide array of excitation and emission wavelength parings and an even wider array of targeting moieties. For example, the 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) stain targets cell nuclei, absorbing ultraviolet light and producing blue fluorescent light. On the other hand, the fluorescein molecule has been adapted to many uses in fluorescence microscopy. In particular, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC, called “fitsy”) absorbs blue light and re-emits green light, with several commercial adaptations that improve its stability and target specific cell structures via antibody labeling. Figure 4.13 shows an example of MCF-7 cells, a breast cancer cell line, with DAPI-stained nuclei and mitochondria stained with a FITC dye.
*
Published in Valerio Voliani, Nanomaterials and Neoplasms, 2021
Eun-Kyung Lim, Taekhoon Kim, Soonmyung Paik, Seungjoo Haam, Yong-Min Huh, Kwangyeol Lee
Organic fluorescent dyes such as cyanine 5.5 (Cy5.5) and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) are widely used to monitor molecular events in biological systems. Visible or ultraviolet (UV) light used to excite organic dyes does not penetrate deeply into the tissue, which confines application of organic dyes in bioimaging mainly to cells. In addition, individual organic dyes are photobleachable and rather toxic.
The in vitro study of Her-2 targeted gold nanoshell liquid fluorocarbon poly lactic-co-glycolic acid ultrasound microcapsule for ultrasound imaging and breast tumor photothermal therapy
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2018
Yu Zhang, Cai-feng Wan, Jing Du, Qi Dong, Yuan-yuan Wang, Hong Yang, Feng-hua Li
Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) is a widely used fluorescence labeling reagent. It can be easily bound to several kinds of monoclonal antibodies, for immune detection, fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. The connection of FITC-labeled NPs and cancer cells could be observed more simply and visually by LSCM. It could be seen from the Figure 7(A) that SKBR3 cells incubated with Her2-PFOB@PLGA@Au NPs showed bright green fluorescence signals. On the contrary, negligible fluorescence was detected in the non-targeted PFOB@PLGA@Au NPs treated SKBR3 cells, and the SKBR3 cells which were pre-treated with excess free anti-Her2 antibody and then incubated with Her2-PFOB@PLGA@Au NPs (Figure 7(B) and (C)). The results demonstrated that the Her2-PFOB@PLGA@Au NPs had the capability of targeting, and the behavior was receptor-mediated through the combination of Her2-PFOB@PLGA@Au NPs and Her2 receptors on the SKBR3 cells. In the other side, there was no fluorescence was observed when MDA-MB-231 cells incubated with Her2-PFOB@PLGA@Au NPs under the same conditions (Figure 7(D)), indicating that Her2-PFOB@PLGA@Au NPs could bind to SKBR3 cells who overexpress Her2 receptors more efficiently. In order to clearly express the internalization of the NPs and cells, we provided the bright field images and the overlay images.
Recent advances of polymer based nanosystems in cancer management
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2023
Chetan Janrao, Shivani Khopade, Akshay Bavaskar, Shyam Sudhakar Gomte, Tejas Girish Agnihotri, Aakanchha Jain
The use of optical imaging technology has a lot of potential for accurate cancer diagnosis, especially in the early stages of the disease. The fluorescence approach is a sensitive, non-ionizing (clinically secure), non-invasive, and reasonably priced method. Due to their appealing optical characteristics, fluorescent nanoparticles (FNPs) have become extremely popular in cancer diagnostics in recent years. The FNPs provide significantly better sensitivity and photostability compared to fluorescent proteins and conventional organic-based fluorescent dyes [264]. Fluorescent nanoparticle probes are very effective for sensitive cancer imaging, with greater success at the cellular level [265]. For in vivo cancer imaging, the use of FNPs, which are composed of organic fluorophores incorporated in a polymer matrix, appears to be a useful idea due to the agents’ low toxicity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. Organic light-emitting fluorophores can be trapped in polymers with tailored characteristics, which were produced by the polymerization process [266]. The most recent development in image-guided therapy is optical imaging that includes the observation of light photons passing through tissue. It is capable of non-invasively tracking how a disease is developing followed by its treatment. Bioluminescent proteins and fluorescent dyes which are common fluorophores were initially employed. Fluorescence techniques have become a key platform for cellular diagnostics to study the mechanism and function of target species, which can provide knowledge for the early detection and treatment of cancer [267]. Conjugated polymers (CPs), which are macromolecules that promote electro- and photoluminescence, are used in a variety of applications such as the diagnosis and treatment of different types of cancers [268]. They are a new family of potential fluorescent probes for bioimaging that have strong fluorescence, and good photostability [269]. For imaging, NPs and fluorescent dyes are frequently used together. Choosing the right NPs and treating the surface with fluorescent dyes, is a great approach to produce amplified fluorescence signals. There have been several different NPs employed, including silica NPs, iron oxide NPs, and calcium phosphate NPs. Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), ICG, and Cy5.5 are among the most often used fluorescent dyes. To create effective and metabolizable radiosensitizers for cancer treatment, Zhang et al. coupled biocompatible coating ligands (glutathione, GSH) with ultrasmall AuNCs (gold nanoclusters) (2 nm). They applied Cy5 labels to the new Au25NCs to enable fluorescence. According to the in vivo experimental findings, the Au25NCs demonstrated greater tumor accumulation due to an increased EPR effect and had a more effective anti-cancer effect [270] (Table 3).