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Status of Kentucky’s regulatory programs that address karst
Published in Barry F. Beck, Felicity M. Pearson, Karst Geohazards, 2018
The Underground Storage Tank, Superfund, Hazardous Waste, and Solid Waste programs incorporate components for groundwater contamination. These programs require the use of spring and swallet surveys and dye-trace information to investigate groundwater contamination in karst areas. in all of these programs, dye tracing is often used to identify possible flow paths of contaminates that are released to soil or groundwater and to assist in defining the extent of contamination. Chemical analyses of waters located during spring surveys have identified sites at which contaminated groundwater has impacted surface water. This process has resulted in the posting for health hazards of at least two surface streams impacted by groundwater contamination.
Urban drainage systems and irrigation
Published in Bogumil Ulanicki, Kalanithy Vairavamoorthy, David Butler, Peter L.M. Bounds, Fayyaz Ali Memon, Water Management Challenges in Global Change, 2020
Bogumil Ulanicki, Kalanithy Vairavamoorthy, David Butler, Peter L.M. Bounds, Fayyaz Ali Memon
This project utilised the three distinct but interrelated modelling themes as a viable alternative to current hydraulic modelling techniques that employ the equality of water levels at sewer junctions. This methodology is subject to accumulative errors due to particular hydraulic behaviours caused by backwater effects. These backwater effects were monitored and quantified by undertaking a series of repeated flow tests using the constructed laboratory system at the University of Sheffield. The structure of the flow tests utilised consisted of the laboratory apparatus being subjected to a set of calibrated flow patterns, which were either constant (volumetric/Base flow) ora series of steady State increasing steps (a Storm flow) in nature. These flow patterns would take the laboratory system (manhole) up to and beyond its maximum capacity. Thus allowing us to simulate and quantify hydraulic behaviour under both non-flooding and flooding conditions. Additional parameters that were measured during each of the tests undertaken included vertical pressure (mb), surcharge levels within the manhole (mm) and the nature of soluble pollution transportation. Simulated using (Rhodamine) dye tracing, either as a constant injection, or as a pulse injection into the base flow rate. From the laboratory tests undertaken Unwin and Saul (2005-7) showed that the base flow patterns were ‘dominated' to some degree upon convergence with the storm flow due to backwater effects. The magnitude of the flow dominance was shown to be largely dependant upon the magnitude of the base flow rate. In that an increase in base flow rate resulted in a generally larger magnitude of dominance when converging with the storm flow. This flow dominance, it was also hypothesised could be modelled by the use of relatively simple polynomial functions. As shown in figure 2, for low base flows (0.51s-1) and high base flows (1.01s-1).
Review of the state-of-the-art for monitoring urban drainage water quality using rhodamine WT dye as a tracer
Published in ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2023
Kuldeep Swarnkar, Vinay Nikam, Kapil Gupta, Jonathan M. Pearson
Various fluorescent dyes for water tracing were studied by Smart and Laidlaw (1977). Rhodamine WT, lissamine FF, amino G acid, sulpho rhodamine B, photine CU, pyranine, fluorescein, and rhodamine B were used in the field and laboratory experiments and comparisons were also done for assessing their utility in quantitative dye tracing work. Lissamine FF, amino G acid, and rhodamine WT were the recommended tracer dyes. Rhodamine-B was shown to be more hazardous to aquatic organisms than both fluorescein and rhodamine WT, owing to its cationic character allowing it to be rapidly adsorbed on living tissues. Although it was not the most conservative tracer of those tested, it was discovered that rhodamine WT dye has no major drawbacks.