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Evolution and Results of Biological Research with Low-Intensity Nonionizing Radiation
Published in Andrew A. Marino, Modern Bioelectricity, 2020
I hypothesized that apomorphine, a dopamine agonist, which at low doses was reported to inhibit presynaptic DA release by stimulating presynaptic receptors, would increase tail-flick latency, an effect similar to a high dose of morphine. Further, it had been found that stimulation of pos tsynap tic DA receptors with high doses of apomorphine antagonized morphine effects, thereby decreasing latency. I used high and low dose apomorphine groups with and without RF radiation exposure to assess the interactions that could be predicted. The group getting only a low dose of apomorphine had a significantly increased flick latency. The group getting only a high dose of apomorphine had a significantly decreased latency. The comparable groups that were, in addition, exposed to RF radiation showed that such exposure blocked the effects of apomorphine on tail flick latency. It was also found that exposure to RF radiation alone decreases latency. This suggested the possibility of increased presynaptic firing or direct stimulation of postsynaptic receptors. The results supported the dopamine-opiate systern hypothesis.
Nanomedicine for the Treatment of Neurological Disorders
Published in Sarwar Beg, Mahfoozur Rahman, Md. Abul Barkat, Farhan J. Ahmad, Nanomedicine for the Treatment of Disease, 2019
PD is neurodegenerative disease which can be identified by loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra and Lewy bodies, aggregation of α-synuclein and ubiquitin, accumulation in brain stem of patient (Lees et al., 2009; Blesa et al., 2012). Immune-activated glial cells induced neurotoxicity causes BBB disruption and allows leukocytes entry that speeds up the neuroinflammatory cascade into the brain and alters cognition (Domínguez et al., 2014). L-dopa, dopamine agonist, and monoamine oxidase B inhibitors are common drug therapy for PD (Kincses and Vecsej, 2011). However, direct dopamine administration is complete failure to treat PD; therefore alternative approach of nanotechnology-based therapeutic delivery is currently being explored.
Nanostructured Drug Carriers for Nose-to-Brain Drug Delivery
Published in Yasser Shahzad, Syed A.A. Rizvi, Abid Mehmood Yousaf, Talib Hussain, Drug Delivery Using Nanomaterials, 2022
Talita Nascimento da Silva, Emanuelle Vasconcellos de Lima, Anna Lecticia Martinez Martinez Toledo, Julia H. Clarke, Thaís Nogueira Barradas
Wang et al. (2020) also produced polymer NPs to increase drug solubility and stability. In this work, polymeric micelles were used as NPs to deliver rotigotine, a dopamine agonist, for PD treatment. The NE was further incorporated into a thermosensitive PF127-based hydrogel, which prolonged the drug residence time and drug absorption. In vivo assays showed that NPs in gels presented higher rotigotine concentration in the following regions: cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and olfactory bulb. Whereas olfactory bulb presented greater drug concentration than the other regions, which indicates that the olfactory bulb is the first target and both, olfactory, and trigeminal nerves, are the primary intranasal routes.
Targeting pituitary adenomas with folate-conjugated multiple drug decorated liposomal formulations for improved antiproliferative anticancer efficacy
Published in Journal of Experimental Nanoscience, 2022
Changwei Hu, Xirui Wang, Yabin Li, Xiaoyong Han, Baowen Ren, Gangfeng Yin
Creating folate-conjugated double liposomes for targeting non-functional pituitary adenomas is a novelty. Liposomes are lipid carriers composed of lipid crystals that essentially consist of single or double lipid layers encasing an aqueous core [27]. These are versatile, controlled drug delivery systems that are effective in transporting retained drugs within to specific targeted tissue [28–31]. Therefore, we have designed the double-layered liposomes in a manner that the drugs would be loaded in the inner liposome’s aqueous core and the outer liposomes would be bigger along with being more sustainable [32,33]. The concept of outer liposome ensures safety of the drugs from being ruined by numerous enzymes [34]. Therefore, these may be more beneficial than current traditional ones. The drugs loaded in the folate-conjugated double liposomes are temozolomide and cabergoline. Cabergoline is dopamine agonist (D2 receptor analog) which has been proven to cause tumor shrinkage in non-functional pituitary adenomas as has been reported in several case studies and investigations [35–37]. On the other hand, temozolomide is an oral alkylating substance that has exhibited promising results in treatment of pituitary adenomas, albeit lower in non-functional than aggressive adenomas [35,38]. However, effects of these drugs individually are still being expanded where relapses are frequent. Hence, we hypothesize that synergistic effect of cabergoline and temozolomide encased in protective double-layered liposome released at a specific targeted site may prove to be reasonably effective. The combination therapy will result in greater chances of objective response against tumor and reduced chances of development of single drug resistance. In this study, we listed synthesis, characterization and in vitro studies with folate-conjugated drug-loaded double-layered liposome as compared to folate-conjugated drug-loaded inner liposome and unconjugated double-layered liposomes.
Tribo-electrification of pharmaceutical powder blends
Published in Particulate Science and Technology, 2019
Antonella Rescaglio, Frederic De Smet, Luc Aerts, Geoffoy Lumay
Rotigotine ((S)-6-[propyl(2-thiophen-2-ylethyl)amino]-5,6,7,8- tetrahydronaphthalen-1-ol; trade name Neupro®) is a dopamine agonist of the non-ergoline class of medications indicated for the treatment of Parkinson's disease and restless legs syndrome, Bunten and Happe (2006).