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Dithiocarbamate Compounds
Published in Fina P. Kaloyanova, Mostafa A. El Batawi, Human Toxicology of Pesticides, 2019
Fina P. Kaloyanova, Mostafa A. El Batawi
One of the principal mechanisms of action of dithiocarbamates is the inhibition of enzymes containing SH-groups (alpha-ketoglutaroxidase, pyruvatdehydrogenase, succindehydrogenase, etc.) and the blockage of metal-containing enzyme systems due to helating of metal ions.
Fungicides
Published in Charles R. Foden, Jack L. Weddell, First Responder’s Guide to Agricultural Chemical Accidents, 2018
Charles R. Foden, Jack L. Weddell
Dithiocarbamates (ferbam, ziram, maneb, zineb, nabam) inhibit the growth of fungi and are available as sprays, dusts, and wettable powders. They are used mainly on fruit crops, tobacco and often on vegetables and ornamentals. The exact dosage necessary to produce poisoning in man is not known for any of these compounds. Most applicators consider the Dithiocarbamates to be harmless since they haven’t experienced symptoms more serious than mild nasal congestion, inflammation of the nasal tissue, sore throat, and inflammation of the bronchial tubes as well as an insignificant dermatitis as a result of heavy exposures.
Ashless Antiwear and Antiscuffing (Extreme Pressure) Additives
Published in Leslie R. Rudnick, Lubricant Additives, 2017
Liehpao Oscar Farng, Tze-Chi Jao
Organic dithiocarbamates can be made by a one-step reaction of dialkylamine, carbon disulfide, and an organic substrate. The organic substrate is preferably an olefin, diene, epoxide, or any other unsaturated compounds as exemplified in the literature [49,50]. Organic dithiocarbamates can also be made through a two-step reaction involving ammonium or metal dithiocarbamate salts and organic halides [51]. In the case of their ammonium salts, N-substituted dithiocarbamic acids, RNHC(═S)SH or R2NC(═S)SH, are formed by the reaction of carbon disulfide with a primary or secondary amine in alcoholic or aqueous solution before they are further reacted with ammonia. In order to conserve the more valuable amine, it is common practice to use an alkali metal hydroxide to form the salt: The dithiocarbamic acid can be precipitated from an aqueous solution of dithiocarbamate by adding strong mineral acid. The acids are quite unstable but can be held below 5°C for a short time. The most common additive, methylene bis-dibutyl dithiocarbamate, is prepared from sodium dibutyl dithiocarbamate and methylene chloride:
Metal- and nonmetal-catalyzed synthesis of five-membered S,N-heterocycles
Published in Journal of Sulfur Chemistry, 2018
Navjeet Kaur, Nirmala Kumari Jangid, Vivek Sharma
Recently, carbon disulfide was used to discover conventional S-containing species. 2-Amino benzothiazole derivatives were synthesized by the C–S coupling-initiated domino reaction. The dithiocarbamate salts were used for the tandem reactions with o-haloanilines. The dithiocarbamate salts were generated in situ by base-catalyzed reactions of carbon disulfide and amine nucleophiles. Three starting materials were reacted at the same time in this multi-component reaction. This method has excellent substrate scope since many cyclic and acyclic amines, primary and secondly amines, aromatic/aliphatic amines as well as azoles had been successfully used to afford corresponding products (Scheme 21) [102,113].