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Plastics
Published in Ronald M. Scott, in the WORKPLACE, 2020
In general, these compounds are skin irritants, causing irritation of eyes, nose, and throat, and a skin rash on contact. They are frequently sensitizers. Thiram and disulfiram share with antabuse the ability to block the metabolism of ethanol and aldehydes. Nausea and vomiting follow intake of ethanol after contact with these compounds. The PEL for the solid thiram is 5 mg/m3. Dimethylaniline is used as an accelerator in polyester synthesis. It absorbs readily through the skin, and once in the body is a central nervous system depressant. It also causes kidney and liver damage. It has a PEL of 5 ppm and an IDLH level of 100 ppm.
Zn catalyzed a simple and convenient method for thiourea synthesis
Published in Journal of Sulfur Chemistry, 2023
Siddhanath D. Bhosle, Krishna A. Jadhav, Shivanand V. Itage, Sateesh Bandaru, Rajesh S. Bhosale, Jhillu Singh Yadav
The scope of optimized reaction conditions for thiourea formation was checked with distinct primary aliphatic amines, aromatic amines, and secondary aliphatic amines. At first, octylamine (1a), benzylamine (1b), 2,4-diflurobenzylamine (1c), 1-phenylethylamine (1d), 2-phenylethylamine (1e), and 1-naphthyl ethylamine (1f) reacted smoothly with CS2 in s Zn catalyst to give the corresponding symmetrical thiourea derivatives in good to excellent yield (Table 4, entries 1–6). The scope and usefulness of this unique strategy for unsymmetrical thiourea production employing various amines such as benzylamine (1b) with morpholine (1 g), 2-phenylethylamine (1e) with 1-octylamine (1a), and 1-phenylethylamine (1d) with morpholine. Under optimal circumstances (Table 2, entry 27), these amines react easily to provide the appropriate unsymmetrical thiourea derivatives in good to outstanding yields (Table 4, entries 7–9). For aromatic symmetrical thiourea synthesis following different aromatic amines such as aniline (1j), 2-hydroxyaniline (1k), 3-hydroxyaniline (1l) and 4-chloroaniline (1m), 2-chloroaniline (1n), 4-bromoaniline (1o), 4-fluroaniline (1p), and 2,4-dimethylaniline (1q) reacted smoothly with TCDI under optimized reaction condition (Table 3, entry 31) yielded the corresponding symmetrical aromatic thiourea derivatives in good to excellent yield (Table 4, entries 10–13).
Tin sulfide nanoparticles as photocatalysts for the degradation of organic dyes
Published in Journal of Sulfur Chemistry, 2022
Abimbola E. Oluwalana, Peter A. Ajibade
•OH radical was generated from the reaction of holes and water absorbed on the surface of SnS nanoparticles. The generated OH radicals attacked the CV molecules by demethylation which resulted in N-((4-(bis(4-dimethylamino)phenyl)methylene)cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene) methanamium (m/z = 358), N-((1Z,4Z)-4-((4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)(4-(methylamino)phenyl) methylene)cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methanaminium (m/z= 344) and N-(4-(bis(4-methylamino)phenyl)methylene)cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1-ylidene)methanaminium) (m/z = 330) as intermediates. The intermediates formed are carbon-centered radical which enhanced the readiness of molecular oxygen attack which resulted into 4-(dimethylamino) benzoic acid (m/z = 166) that was absorbed on SnS surface. The intermediates further degraded to form N,N-dimethylaniline (m/z = 121), N-methylaniline (m/z = 107)), aniline (m/z = 93) and (Z)-pent-3-en-1-amine (m/z = 88) via demethylation. Similar degradation process has been reported [53,54]. The ESI mass spectra of crystal violet are shown in Fig. S5 (Scheme 2).
Genetic toxicity assessment using liver cell models: past, present, and future
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2020
Xiaoqing Guo, Ji-Eun Seo, Xilin Li, Nan Mei
The flow cytometric γH2AX foci assay showed an overall accuracy of 69% in testing 64 compounds with known genotoxic properties in HepG2 cells (Tsamou et al. 2012). Compared to the low accuracy rate (55–65%) of the current in vitro genotoxicity test batteries (the Ames test, MLA, and CA/MN assay), the combination of the γH2AX, Ames, and CA/MN assay resulted in an improved accuracy of 62–70%. In situ automated detection of γH2AX foci demonstrated a reliable correlation with MN assay data in HepaRG cells for AFB1, B[a]P, fipronil, and DMBA (Quesnot et al. 2016). Trichloroethylene (TCE, a chlorinated hydrocarbon) and 2,4-dimethylaniline (2,4-DMA, an aromatic amine) at a concentration of 5 mM generated γH2AX in human normal WRL-68 hepatocytes as measured by immunofluorescence staining (Qi et al. 2018; Toyooka et al. 2018).