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List of Chemical Substances
Published in T.S.S. Dikshith, and Safety, 2016
Dimethoate is toxic to animals and humans. Occupational exposures cause poisoning with symptoms that include, but are not limited to, sweating, headache, weakness, giddiness, nausea, vomiting, stomach pains, blurred vision, pupillary constriction, slurred speech, and muscle twitching. Workers repeatedly exposed to dimethoate have shown symptoms of numbness, tingling sensations, incoordination, headache, dizziness, tremor, nausea, abdominal cramps, difficulty breathing or respiratory depression, slow heart beat, and speech difficulties. Prolonged exposures cause severe poisoning with adverse effects on the CNS, leading to incoordination, slurred speech, loss of reflexes, weakness, fatigue, involuntary muscle contractions, twitching, tremors of the tongue or eyelids, and eventually paralysis of the body extremities and the respiratory muscles, psychosis, irregular heart beats, unconsciousness, convulsions, coma, and death caused by respiratory failure or cardiac arrest.
Product: Alfa-Tox
Published in Charles R. Foden, Jack L. Weddell, First Responder’s Guide to Agricultural Chemical Accidents, 2018
Charles R. Foden, Jack L. Weddell
HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION: Dimethoate is a cholinesterase inhibitor. Symptoms of overexposure may include headache, dizziness, tightness in chest, weakness, excessive sweating and salivation, pinpoint pupils, vomiting, diarrhea, tremors, and convulsions. May be fatal.A physician should be contacted if anyone develops any signs or symptoms and suspects that they are caused by exposure to this product.ANTIDOTE IS ATROPINE OR 2-PAM
Physical Properties of Agrochemicals
Published in John H. Montgomery, Thomas Roy Crompton, Environmental Chemicals Desk Reference, 2017
John H. Montgomery, Thomas Roy Crompton
Soil. Duff and Menzer (1973) reported that in moist soils, dimethoate is converted to the oxygen analog, dimethoate carboxylic acid (dimethoxon), and two unidentified metabolites. The degradation rate of dimethoate in three different soils increased almost twofold with a 10°C increase in temperature (Kolbe et al., 1991). The reported half-lives of dimethoate in a humus-rich sandy soil, clay loam, and heavy clay soil at 10 and 20°C are 15.3, 10.3, 15.5 days and 9.7, 4.8, 8.5 days, respectively. Degradates included dimethoxon (O,O-dimethyl-S-(N-methylcarbamoylmethyl)phosphorothiolate) and unidentified polar compounds (Kolbe et al., 1991).
Kinetics and equilibrium of the adsorption process of dimethoate with corn stalk
Published in Bioremediation Journal, 2023
Jonathan Agual-Lucas, Cristopher Mera-Holguín, Luis Angel Zambrano-Intriago, Enrique Ruiz-Reyes, Yunet Gómez-Salcedo, Ricardo José Baquerizo-Crespo, Joan Manuel Rodríguez-Díaz
Pesticides are a group of hazardous compounds of wide application in agriculture to ensure good harvests. Although they present several benefits such as weed, insect, and pest control, their excessive use has generated in the last decade serious environmental pollution problems. Moreover, due to their high toxicity when ingested by humans, problems of carcinogenesis, mutagenesis, among other effects, have been reported (Matich et al. 2021; Burns and Juberg 2021; Ledda et al. 2021). The environmental impact is the result of the high capacity of these compounds to migrate from the application on the plant, then to the sediment or soil, and finally to the water, a process that is considered as a secondary emission source (Cui et al. 2020). Dimethoate (O,O-Di(methyl-d3) S-methylcarbamoylmethyl phosphorodithioate) is an organophosphorus insecticide-acaricide for systemic use, used in fruit, vegetable, and horticultural crops to control flies, mites, and ruminant insects. This pesticide (Table 1) by having an adsorption low coefficient Koc (0.5–0.8) and high solubility in water (39,800 mg.mL−1), making it a potential water pollutant, with detectable concentrations in groundwater and surface water through runoff and/or leaching. Despite it is considered moderately toxic, when it is exposed to animal species it can act as an inhibitor of the acetylcholinesterase enzyme, which is responsible for the functionality of the synapse nerve, even causing adverse effects to human health through the food chain (Van Scoy, Pennell, and Zhang 2016; Buratti and Testai 2007).
Residue dynamics and risk assessment of dimethoate in sweet potato, purple flowering stalk, Chinese kale, celery, and soil
Published in Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 2018
Yuling Chen, Qingtao Zhang, Shouyi Wang, Ya Yang, Banghua Meng, Deyu Hu, Ping Lu
Dimethoate, O,O-dimethyl-S-methylcarbamoyl methylphosphorothioate, is a broad-spectrum systemic insecticide and acaricide that is widely used to kill insects and mites in agriculture (Pappas and Kyriakidis 2003). Dimethoate can metabolise into a more active omethoate in plants and animals. Omethoate, O,O-dimethyl-S-methyl-carbamoyl methylthiophosphate, a member of the phosphorothioate family of insecticides with the simplest chemical structure, has a strong function of contact and infiltration (Zhang et al.2017; Eddleston et al.2006). Maximum residue limits (MRLs) of dimethoate (sum of dimethoate and omethoate expressed as dimethoate) in celery have been established as 0.5, 0.5 and 5 mg kg−1 in China, the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) and the European Union (EU), respectively. MRLs of dimethoate in sweet potato have been established as 0.02 and 0.1 mg kg−1 in the EU and Australia, respectively. MRLs of dimethoate in purple flowering stalk and Chinese kale have not been established. Dimethoate is mainly used to control aphids and mites of purple flowering stalk, Chinese kale, and celery and the lesser weevil of sweet potato in China. Because of the widespread usage of dimethoate on these vegetables in China, more rapid and sensitive methods for detecting their residues are required. It is possible that dimethoate residues persist in edible parts of fruits and vegetables. Therefore, monitoring dimethoate residues is critical to evaluate risk to human health.