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List of Chemical Substances
Published in T.S.S. Dikshith, and Safety, 2016
Exposure to cyanogen bromide is dangerous. The chemical substance is poisonous and causes fatal injury if swallowed, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin. It is corrosive and the vapors cause severe irritation to the eyes and respiratory tract, and cause burns to any area of contact. On contact with acids, cyanogen bromide liberates poisonous gas, affecting the blood, cardiovascular system, CNS, and thyroid.
Detection of CNX cyanogen halides (X = F, Cl) on metal-free defective phosphorene sensor: periodic DFT calculations
Published in Molecular Physics, 2021
Mahdi Ghadiri, Mehdi Ghambarian, Mohammad Ghashghaee
Cyanides such as cyanogen halides, which are rich in electrons, are known to be highly lethal to human beings and animals since they restrain the utilisation of oxygen by the tissue [9,10]. Specifically, cyanogen chloride is a common disinfection by-product found in chloraminated waters [11–13]. Cyanogen chloride is a condensable colourless gas [10,14]. It is highly volatile chemical warfare (blood agent) with the military designation CK [10]. Exposure to CNCl can be rapidly fatal. It can severely influence the whole body by ingestion, inhalation, or skin/eye contact, thus affecting the central nervous, cardiovascular, and pulmonary systems. Its vapours are extremely irritating, chocking, and corrosive. It is also used for synthesis of different chemicals and fumigation in commercial scale [10]. CNCl is highly poisonous and its metabolisation to cyanide in the human body is so quick [10,13]. It can become explosive due to polymerisation, and its permissible exposure limit (PEL) is equal to 0.3 ppm or 0.6 mg/m3 [10]. Cyanogen bromide (CNBr) is another member of the halogen cyanide family, which has been used as a common reagent in organic synthesis as well as biochemical applications, such as protein immobilisation and cleavage. Thus, the effective monitoring of this compound, in particular in aqueous systems is critical as well. One may note, however, that CNBr is often not an ideal reagent of choice, as it is much more expensive and more poisonous than free cyanide [15].