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Spray Drying-Assisted Fabrication Of Passive Nanostructures: From Milk Protein
Published in Lohith Kumar Dasarahally-Huligowda, Megh R. Goyal, Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Nanotechnology Applications in Dairy Science, 2019
Sathyashree H. Shivaram, Rahul Saini
Whey proteins are effective for the protection of milk fat bioactives and sensitive lipid such as: conjugated linoleic acid, soy oil, flaxseed oil, and orange oil. Lactose incorporation can increase the encapsulation efficiency, especially for high oil loads. Furthermore, lipid protection from oxidation during storage can also be possibly done by whey protein encapsulation using spray drying. Whey protein-carbohydrate, water-soluble whey protein or spray-dried microcapsules also offer excellent volatiles retention. Nevertheless, encapsulation can also be attained by patterning the strong binding affinity between proteins (bovine serum albumin (BSA), whey proteins, β-LG, and α-lactalbumin (α-LA)) and flavor compounds.46,67
Protein Engineering and Bionanotechnology
Published in Anil Kumar Anal, Bionanotechnology, 2018
Proteomics have been successfully applied over last decade for processing and safety of certain food such as wine and beer, meat, milk, and transgenic plant by exploratory analysis of food in parallel to the genomic and transcriptomic approaches. Health benefits associated with phytochemicals in food have been discovered in food proteomics, for example, soy-based diets rich in peptides, isoflavone, and genistein are found to stop cancer cell division in skin cancer, promote cardioprotective effect and antioxidative capacity, protect against atherosclerosis, and increase anti-inflammatory activity. Further, proteomic analysis of structural isomer-conjugated linoleic acid (CLA): trans-10-cis-12 CLA and cis-9-trans-11 CLA showed proatherogenic effect and antiatherogenic effect, respectively. Proteomic profiles of genetically modified organisms helped to detect unintended effects in transgenic crops. In addition, application of proteomics has led to the discovery and quantification of biomarkers that help to solve problems related to food quality, nutrition, and safety by assessing predisposition, efficacy, and characterization and quantification of bioactive food (Agrawal et al. 2013).
Biodiesel Fuels
Published in M.R. Riazi, David Chiaramonti, Biofuels Production and Processing Technology, 2017
Paolo Bondioli, M.R. Riazi, David Chiaramonti
In conclusion, we can say that in any case biodiesel, as commonly intended, cannot be prepared from castor oil or castor oil fatty acids. A theoretical possibility is the use of so-called dehydrated castor oil, which can be obtained by dehydration leading to the formation of conjugated linoleic acid. But in this case, it represents suicide from an economic and technical standpoint because we start with an interesting bifunctional molecule to obtain a trivialized unsaturated fatty acid. Additionally, the presence of conjugated double bonds highly improves the tendency for autoxidation of the substance in question. On the contrary, several papers in the literature describe the use of methyl ricinoleate to improve lubricity in diesel fuel. Thanks to its particular nature and polarity, this molecule is able to interact with metal surfaces, reducing shear when used at a concentration of a few hundred ppm (Goodrum and Geller 2005).
Recovery utilization of triolein for producing short chain alkane by combining biocatalysis and inorganic catalysis
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2023
Jie Zhang, Ling Gao, Yao Lu, Lixiu Yan, Xuemei Tan, Zhehan Yang, Huijun Zhang
The ester components of WCO mainly include triolein, trilinolein, and other glycerides (Mulinari et al. 2017). In order to realize the industrial application of this method, the substrate selectivity of the reaction is a question worth pondering to ensure that the method is not only used for triolein. Substrate selectivity of the lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis reaction was determined by different triglycerides. The hydrolysis rate of trilinolein was 98.6% compared with the hydrolysis rate of 78.7% of triolein at equal time (20 h). Tian, Yang (Tian et al. 2013)studied the catalytic efficiency of immobilized lipase on conjugated linoleic acid. The yield of conjugated linoleic acid can reach 98.5% when substrate concentration was 20%, immobilized lipase amount was 4%, reaction temperature of 50°C and vacuum rotary evaporation for 4 h. The unmodified lipase we used almost achieved similar effect after 20 h, proving that it has tremendous potential in hydrolysis. Furthermore, the hydrolysis rate of trilinolein is obviously higher than that of triolein, indicating that there are more unsaturated bonds in oil components, which is conducive to the hydrolysis of lipase due to trilinolein has more outstanding emulsifying effect at the same temperature (Song et al. 2014).
Production and characterization of infant milk formula powders: A review
Published in Drying Technology, 2021
A. K. M. Masum, Jayani Chandrapala, Thom Huppertz, Benu Adhikari, Bogdan Zisu
Fat is an integral part of IMF products. Fats in IMF should supply 40–50% of the total energy requirement.[3] Fat also acts as a carrier of fat soluble vitamins and essential fatty acids in IMF. Blend of vegetable oils are often used, however, bovine milk is also commonly used to produce IMFs.[23,25] The amount and ratios of fatty acids found in human milk should be replicated in IMF to avoid digestive problems. Human milk consists of 44% saturated fatty acids, 38.9% monounsaturated fatty acids, and 17.1% polyunsaturated fatty acids.[8] Cows’ milk fat normally contains greater amounts of trans fatty acids, short chain fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acid, and phospholipids than vegetable oils.[26] When vegetable oils are used to substitute cow milk fat, formula contain higher concentrations of lauric and oleic acids, and lower amounts of short chain fatty acids and stearate. Human milk also contains fewer short chain fatty acids.[27]
Neem seed oil and gum arabic-based oil-in-water emulsions as potential ocular drug delivery system
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2020
Dilshad Quereshi, Somali Dhal, Debasis Das, Biswaranjan Mohanty, Arfat Anis, Hamid Shaikh, Thi Thanh Hanh Nguyen, Doman Kim, Preetam Sarkar, Kunal Pal
Gum arabic (GA) is a natural gum, which is commercially extracted from Acacia senegal L. (family: Leguminosae).[20] It is a mixture of polysaccharides and glycoprotein complexes.[21] The protein content of the gum is ∼2 wt%.[21] The gum polysaccharides exist as mixed salts of potassium, calcium, and magnesium.[22] The presence of the salts makes the gum readily soluble in water.[23] The GA solution can maintain its viscosity even at high temperatures. Being a natural gum, GA possesses an excellent emulsifying property.[24] GA has been utilized in the stabilization of oil-in-water emulsions for the protection of sensitive ingredients such as curcumin,[25] conjugated linoleic acid,[26] thyme oil,[27] and d-limonene.[28] GA has also been explored to develop formulations for ocular drug delivery applications.[29,30]