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Reprotoxic and Endocrine Substances
Published in Małgorzata Pośniak, Emerging Chemical Risks in the Work Environment, 2020
Katarzyna Miranowicz-Dzierżawska
The following pharmaceuticals are known to impair the function of male reproductive organs: cytostatics – used in cancer therapy; lithium salts, which due to their effectiveness remain a common medication in the treatment of bipolar disorder; methyldopa – an antihypertensive medicine; and levodopa – used in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Moreover, impotence, ejaculation disorders, and decreased libido can occur after exposure to the following pharmaceuticals: spironolactone, clonidine, rilmenidine, guanethidine, prazosin, perhexiline, reserpine – antihypertensive medicine; cimetidine – a histamine receptor antagonist; as well as in therapies using corticosteroids, neuroleptics (thioridazine) and disopyramide, used for the treatment of arrhythmia. Sulfasalazine, used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, can also cause fertility disorders in males [Skowron et al. 2011]. Warfarin (a drug used to reduce blood clotting) or retinoids (used in dermatology) can also have a teratogenic effect.
Rodent Models of Complement Activation-Related Pseudoallergy: Inducers, Symptoms, Inhibitors and Reaction Mechanisms
Published in Raj Bawa, János Szebeni, Thomas J. Webster, Gerald F. Audette, Immune Aspects of Biopharmaceuticals and Nanomedicines, 2019
László Dézsi, László Rosivall, Péter Hamar, János Szebeni, Gábor Szénási
In anesthetized rabbits, treatment with C5a induced a systemic hypotension lasting for about 10 min, a fall in white blood cell count, and an increase in plasma histamine, PGE2, TXB2 and prostacyclin levels, while heart rate, cardiac contractility, hematocrit and platelet count did not change [43]. PMN cells almost fully disappeared from the blood, while lymphocyte cell counts decreased by about 50%. Central venous pressure increased in parallel with hypotension. All effects remained the same upon repeated administration of C5a. Pretreatment with indomethacin abolished the hemodynamic and prostaglandin responses but leukopenia reappeared. In contrast, the H1-receptor antagonist pyrilamine, and the thromboxane synthetase inhibitor dazoxibene failed to alter the hemodynamic responses, while the H2-receptor antagonist cimetidine attenuated the blood pressure drop and the elevations in plasma prostaglandin levels [43].
Anti-ulcerogenic effect of methanol fraction of Ocimum gratissimum leaves extract and honey on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2021
Aanuoluwa James Salemcity, Blessing Oluwagbamila Omolaso, Oghenefega Sheila Ogegere, Victoria Olasumbo Oluokun
Nearly all honey worldwide contains similar types of phenolic acids, flavonoids and antioxidants. Each constituent has unique nutritional and medicinal properties, and the components act synergistically resulting in honey’s various applications [17]. The physical properties and chemical composition of honey fluctuate based on the plants from which the bees collect raw material, differences in the type of flora, climatic conditions, treatment during harvesting and geographical region [18–20]. Honey was meant to improve the organoleptic properties of plant concoction for easy ingestion. Some biological properties of honey such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, antiviral, anti-ulcer activities; and anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-diabetic and anticancer properties have been confirmed by various research studies [15]. Many studies have reported that the antioxidant capacity of honey is dependent on the presence of total phenolic compounds and flavonoids, which play an important role in ameliorating oxidative stress [21,22]. Although there is reduction in the mortality rate of peptic ulcer individuals, dropping from 327,000 demise in 1990 to 267,500 in 2015, due to the use of various anti-ulcer drugs such as antacids, proton pump inhibitors (omeprazole and lansoprazole), anticholinergics and histamine-2 (H2) receptor antagonist (nizatidine, cimetidine) [23], these drugs have been discovered to precipitate undesirable effects, relapses, and several drug reactions like food allergies, dizziness, headache, nausea, pneumonia and low libido among others [23,24].
Synthesis, Characterization Anticancer studies of W(IV), Si(VI) and Hf(VI) complexes of cimetidine drug
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2018
Abeer A. El-Habeeb, Moamen S. Refat
Cimetidine, (Figure 1), 2-cyano-1-methyl-3-(2-[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)-methyl-thio]-ethyl)-guanidine, is an important H2-histamine receptor. It has been employed in clinical application due to its protective action in stomach ulcerations.[6] Several analytical methods like spectrophotometric, electrophoretic, polarography, potentiometric, and chromatographic were utilized to determination of cimetidine in biological fluids and pharmaceutical doses.[7–10] A sensitive spectrophotometric method for the cimetidine determination consists of the compound oxidation with Ce(IV) and subsequent Ce(IV) excess quantification through the reaction with p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde.[11] Cimetidine is an effective ligation for the metal ions found in blood plasma and in different tissues. It is can act as a bidentate ligand, forming a ring of five members with the N-imidazole and S-dithioether, or as a tridentate ligand for the coordination of N-imidazole, S-dithioether and the CN nitrile group.[6–13] Potentiometric studies have shown that cimetidine forms complexes 1:1 and 1:2 cimetidine-palladium and cimetidine-platinum. 1H-NMR data for the complexes revealed separated signals for free cimetidine and for Pt(II) and Pd(II) complexes, which indicates changes from free to complexed forms.[14] There are several studies in the literature on the formation and stable complexes of cimetidine with Cu(II), Ni(II), Cr(III), Co(II), Zn(II) and Mn(II).[15–19] The copper(II) ions are six-coordinated, by two imidazole nitrogens and two thioeter sulfur atoms from two different cimetidine molecules. The coordination sphere is completed by two cyano nitrogens from neighbouring molecules.[19] Bianucci et al.,[20] has been synthesized and characterized (IR and UV-vis absorption spectroscopes) the coordination compounds of [M(cimetidine)2]X2 complexes (M = Co2+, Ni2+, X = NO3-, BF4-[21] and ClO4-.[20] Electrochemical and potentiometric studies of cimetidine CuI/II complexes were carried out to find out the stability of the complexes in comparison with those formed by other biological ligands.[22] Also the chemistry of platinum and palladium with cimetidine has been studied using potentiometric and 1H-NMR spectroscopic tools[14,15,23] and later on, the crystal structure of trans-[Pt(cimetidine)2]Cl2·12H2O was isolated. The antitumor activity of the free cimetidine drug and the metallic complexes with DNA was assessed.[6]