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Chemicals from Olefin Hydrocarbons
Published in James G. Speight, Handbook of Petrochemical Processes, 2019
Carbonylation refers to reactions in which the carbon monoxide moiety is introduced into organic and inorganic substrates. Carbon monoxide is abundantly available and conveniently reactive, so it is widely used as a reactant in industrial chemistry. Several industrially useful organic chemicals are prepared by carbonylation reactions, which can be highly selective reactions. Carbonylation reactions produce organic carbonyl derivatives, i.e., compounds that contain the carbonyl (C=O) functional group such as aldehyde derivatives (–CHO), ketone derivatives (>C=O), carboxylic acid derivatives (–CO2H), and ester derivatives (–CO2R, where R is an alkyl group). Carbonylation reactions are the basis of two main types of reactions (i) hydroformylation and (ii) the Reppe reaction.
Metal Zeolite Catalysts
Published in Subhash Bhatia, Zeolite Catalysis: Principles and Applications, 2020
Carbonylation of methanol has in recent years become a commercially important route for the production of acetic acid and methyl acetate. Industrial catalysts are at present homogeneous, based on cobalt and more recently rhodium compounds. The cobalt catalysts are less active and require more severe operating conditions (i.e., 250°C, 650 to 750 atm) than the rhodium-based catalysts (170 to 250°C, 7 to 14 atm).
Catalytic Chemical Syntheses at High Pressure
Published in Ian L. Spain, Jac Paauwe, High Pressure Technology, 2017
Carbonylation is the addition of carbon monoxide to such things as an alcohol to produce an acid. A similar reaction is the addition of carbon monoxide and hydrogen to an olefin for subsequent conversion to ketones, aldehydes or alcohols.
Synthesis and characterization of N4-donor Schiff base copper(II) immobilized on superparamagnetic Fe3O4@SiO2 and its use as a recyclable catalyst for oxidation of alkenes, alcohols, and determination of antibacterial activity
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2023
Somayeh Panahandehjo, Maryam Lashanizadegan, Khosro Mohammadi, Fatemeh Yazdian
Schiff base ligands and their metal complexes are potent compounds and are widely used in industry and for biological purposes such as antibacterial and anti-cancer applications.[1–4] Schiff base metal complexes have shown excellent catalytic activity in organic reactions such as oxidation,[5–7] epoxidation,[8–11] acylation, Suzuki-Miyauri reactions,[12] Sonogashira coupling,[13] Ullman coupling, hydrogenation, hydroformylation, carbonylation,[14] reduction of thionyl chloride,[15] aldol,[16] Henry reactions,[17] kerosene hydrosilanes, and Diels-Alder reactions.
Subtle variation of stereo-electronic effects in rhodium(I) carbonyl Schiff base complexes and their iodomethane oxidative addition kinetics
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2020
Pennie P. Mokolokolo, Alice Brink, Andreas Roodt, Marietjie Schutte-Smith
Oxidative addition reactions on metal complexes represent key steps in many catalytic processes, including the carbonylation of alcohols, hydroformylation of alkenes and cross-coupling reactions [11,12]. A classic example is the rhodium/iridium-iodide supported carbonylation of methanol to produce acetic acid, i.e. the so-called Monsanto and Cativa processes [13,14]. Oxidative addition is suggested as the rate-determining step in the catalytic cycles of some of these processes, and therefore any influence on this step can determine the course of the complete catalytic cycle. Due to the vital role of this reaction, a significant amount of research has focused on oxidative addition reactions to understand its kinetic properties and responses to external and internal ligand influences [15,16]. In the Monsanto process the metal carbonyl species is [RhI(I)2(CO)2]-, which is relatively unstable.
Rhodium catalysis in the synthesis of fused five-membered N-heterocycles
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2020
Navjeet Kaur, Neha Ahlawat, Yamini Verma, Pranshu Bhardwaj, Pooja Grewal, Nirmala Kumari Jangid
Kwong and coworkers[77] synthesized cyclopentenones (29) by decarbonylation of formate or aldehyde and carbonylation of enynes (28) within a short span of time (45 min) under MW-assisted reaction of [2 + 2 + 1] cycloadducts with rhodium-diphosphane-complex-catalyst. The products (29) were obtained in 34%−83% yields from several N-, O-, and C-tethered enynes (28). The chiral rhodium-(S)-bisbenzodioxanPhos complex catalyzed enantioselective version of this microwave-accelerated cascade cyclization was performed to afford cyclopentenone products (29) with enantiomeric excess values up to 90% (Scheme 11).