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Fuel and Biofuels
Published in Pau Loke Show, Kit Wayne Chew, Tau Chuan Ling, The Prospect of Industry 5.0 in Biomanufacturing, 2021
Mei Yin Ong, Saifuddin Nomanbhay, Kuan Shiong Khoo, Pau Loke Show
To fulfil the increasing energy demand, and at the same time building a sustainable living environment, transport biofuel plays an important role. As mentioned previously, the definition of biofuel has been narrowed down to the transport fuel that derived from biomass. Besides, biofuel is considered a carbon-neutral fuel because the carbon released is balanced by the carbon consumed by biomass during photosynthesis. Hence, it shows a high potential for sustainability and economic growth for industrialized countries as biomass is renewable and is widely available in the local. However, in 2016, almost 96% of global transport energy demands were met by conventional petroleum, with only 3% met by biofuels (REN21 2019). To align with the IEA’s Sustainable Development Scenario (SDS), the global transport biofuel consumption should be increased by triple (298 Mtoe), up to 9% of global transport energy demand in 2030 (IEA 2019c). SDS is an integrated approach for energy and sustainable development, which highlights the reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) emission while tackling the air pollution, achieving a climate goal, reaching universal energy access and accessing implication for water (Katowice 2018). Nevertheless, with the current expansion rate of transport biofuel production (6% in 2019) and a predicted expansion rate of 3% per annual over the next five years, there is still short of 10% annual growth of biofuel production until 2030 in order to be on track with the SDS. Hence, there is a must to upscale the biofuel production and increase the deployment of biofuels, especially in aviation and marine transport, by fully supporting the sustainable policy and further enhancing the biofuel processing technology to reduce the production cost.
Answers to Frequently Asked Questions
Published in K.A. Subramanian, Biofueled Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines, 2017
Carbon, which is fixed by a producer from the atmosphere and then released back into the atmosphere, is a carbon-neutral fuel. For example, a tree is grown by fixing carbon from carbon dioxide. If the tree gets fire due to natural and environmental causes such as lightening, fire due to rolling of stones etc., all the carbon stored in the tree is released back into the atmosphere. If the tree gets fire due to natural and environment causes such as lightening, fire due to rolling of stones etc., carbon-neutral may be defined as the difference between fixing and releasing carbon into the atmosphere is zero.
The Other Energy Sources
Published in Anco S. Blazev, Power Generation and the Environment, 2021
The organic matter in biomass products must be burned or processed, and these processes release carbon dioxide and other gasses into the air, unlike solar, wind, and other renewable energy sources. Although the processing of biomass emits carbon dioxide, it is still classed as a carbon neutral fuel—which is even better than wind and solar. This is due to the carbon cycle, which means that while the crop grows it will absorb carbon dioxide, releasing it back into the atmosphere when burned. CO2 in plus CO2 out equals zero, or near zero.
Impact of Sawmill Waste on SO2 Emissions from Co-firing with Lignite
Published in Combustion Science and Technology, 2023
S. A. Jankovsky, G. V. Kuznetsov, K.D. Fedorko, A.A. Ivanov
Studies of a large group of scientists (for example, Aghaie, Mehrpooya, Pourfayaz 2016; Duan et al. 2015; Goerndt, Aguilar, Skog 2013; Li et al. 2015, 2018; Riaza et al. 2014) have shown that one of the most promising solutions to this environmental problem of modern energy is combustion of coal in a mixture with biomass (Rokni et al. 2016, 2018). Biomass is both a carbon-neutral fuel and a renewable energy source. In this regard, biomass can be considered as an inexhaustible energy resource. It was found (Li et al. 2018) that combustion of biomass mixed with coal reduces the concentration of emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides due to the low content of these elements in the biomass. Experimental results (Cheng et al. 2018; Li et al. 2015) showed that addition of woody biomass to coal reduces the concentrations of these oxides in pyrolysis products. It should be noted that quite promising technologies for combustion of coal-water (Mao et al., no date; Feng et al. 2020; Gaber et al. 2020; Huang et al. 2006; Kuznetsov and Yankovskii 2019) and organic coal-water (Gao, Zhang, Wu 2016) fuels are significantly more difficult to implement in comparison with technologies for combustion of mixtures of coal dust and dispersed wood (Beagle and Belmont 2019; Li et al. 2021; Liu et al. 2021).
The emissions from co-firing of biomass and torrefied biomass with coal in a chain-grate steam boiler
Published in Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 2019
Chia-Chi Chang, Yen-Hau Chen, Wei-Ren Chang, Chao-Hsiung Wu, Yi-Hung Chen, Ching-Yuan Chang, Min-Hao Yuan, Je-Lueng Shie, Yuan-Shen Li, Sheng-Wei Chiang, Tzu-Yi Yang, Far-Ching Lin, Chun-Han Ko, Bo-Liang Liu, Kuang-Wei Liu, Shi-Guan Wang
Nowadays, the considerable use of fossil fuel causes many negative effects on the earth, such as global warming, climatic change and energy depletion. As a result, the development of renewable energy is an essential goal in most country. Among those renewable energies, bio-energy has an extensive application around the world. Biomass goes through photosynthesis combining carbon dioxide and water to grow up. Finally, biomass is combusted to generate heat while emitting CO2 returning to the atmosphere. Because of this carbon cycle, biomass can be regarded as a carbon-neutral fuel. Therefore, the CO2 produced from the combustion of biomass is not counted as CO2 emission. The more biomass the power plants substitute for coal, the less CO2 will be released. However, as a solid fuel, biomass has a few defects comparing with coal, such as high hydrophilicity, low heating value, low energy density and low grindabilty. Despite of these shortcomings while in order to mitigate the negative impacts of fossil fuel usage, the biomass co-firing technology has been considered for the increasing biomass usage in combustion and power-generation sectors (Al-Mansour and Zuwala 2010). There are three main methods to conduct co-firing including direct co-firing, parallel co-firing and indirect co-firing (Al-Mansour and Zuwala 2010; IEA, 2013; Maciejewska et al. 2006). Due to the low cost of firing systems, direct co-firing is the primary form among these methods.
Experimental investigation on the production of biogas from waste food
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2019
Omar Alghoul, Zaki El-Hassan, Mohamad Ramadan, Abdul Ghani Olabi
As the issue of climate change caused by fossil fuels has become a great concern, the use of alternative energy (Chen and Lee 2014, Mao et al. 2015) strategies including storage is surging up due to the harsh effect of fossil commodities on the environment (Cuéllar and Webber 2008). The man Source of the energy generating medium is currently one of the main research targets (Rehl and Müller 2011). Energy from biomass material (Deng et al. 2014, Qi et al. 2005, Zheng et al. 2014) can serve as a replacement for fossil fuels, where energy generated from biomass is assumed to be the largest energy resource, which can limit the excessive use fossil fuels and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Figure 1 presents a schematic representation of the biogas production process. Biogas is considered a carbon-neutral fuel and help to reduce emissions of CO2, thus reducing the greenhouse effect (Zhang et al. 2018).