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paniculata (C.B. Clarke) Munir Leaves on Various Gastric Aggressive Factors
Published in Parimelazhagan Thangaraj, Phytomedicine, 2020
P. S. Sreeja, K. Arunachalam, Parimelazhagan Thangaraj
Other medicines developed with gastroprotective action through mucosal protection are still to be mentioned; sulcralfate, bismuth, and subsalicylate are drugs that forms a gel-like mucus layer to inhibit the action of pepsin and also have inhibitory action against H. pylori; carbenoxolone, which increases gastric mucus production; and misoprostol, a synthetic analog of PGE1 that facilitates inhibition of gastric acid secretion, increased blood flow, enhanced mucus and bicarbonate secretion and, consequently, regulates gastric motility. Nonetheless, these medicines are accompanied with several side effects also, the usage of bismuth, subsalicylate, and sulcralfate may be hazardous to some of the patients in the form of dry mouth, headache, darkening of stools, and severe constipation. While, the misoprostol reported with after effects such as abdominal pain, vomiting and nausea, headache, and diarrhea during the course of treatment (Sung et al. 2010; Singh et al. 2018).
List of Chemical Substances
Published in T.S.S. Dikshith, and Safety, 2016
Bismuth is used in the manufacture of low melting solders and fusible alloys, as key components of thermoelectric safety appliances, such as automatic shut offs for gas and electric water heating systems and safety plugs in compressed gas cylinders, in the production of shot and shotguns, in pharmaceuticals, in the manufacture of acrylonitrile, the starting material for synthetic fibers and rubbers. Bismuth oxychloride is sometimes used in cosmetics. Also bismuth subnitrate and bismuth subcarbonate are used in medicine. Bismuth subsalicylate is used as an antidiarrheal and to treat other gastrointestinal diseases.
Pharmaceuticals
Published in James G. Speight, Handbook of Petrochemical Processes, 2019
Bismuth subsalicylate is also the active ingredient in Pepto-Bismol and displays anti-inflammatory action (due to salicylic acid) and is used to relieve the discomfort that arises from an upset stomach due to overindulgence in food and drink, including heartburn, indigestion, nausea, gas, and fullness.
Structural manifestations and biological screening for newly synthesized heteroleptic bismuth(V) bis-carboxylates
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2022
Sohaila Andleeb, Muhammad Khawar Rauf, Ihsan- Ul-Haq, Desmond Schipper
Bismuth compounds are unique in the biological research domain owing to their remarkably low toxicity [1–3]. For quite a long time, compounds of bismuth have been utilized for treatment of syphilis, gastritis, diarrhea and colitis [4]. They are also known for their antibacterial and antiparasitic properties [5–8]. Bismuth subsalicylate (BSS) has been used in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders and is sold under the trademark names Pepto-bismol and Bismatrol [7,9]. Most of these formulations are based on bismuth carboxylates and derived from salicylic acid, citric acid and gallic acid, and this provides the basic motivation for growing interest in synthetic and biological chemistry of bismuth carboxylates. Owing to the recent development of organobismuth chemistry, less has been explored so far and much of its potential, including the mechanism of action of bismuth-based drugs, is still under investigation [10–14]. In addition to bismuth complexes as effective antimicrobial agents, especially against Helicobacter pylori, they are also considered as better alternatives to antimony compounds in terms of toxicity, especially for the treatment of leishmaniasis [1]. Sodium stibogluconate as well as meglumine antimonate are frontline available drugs for treatment of leishmaniasis as these drugs are not only cost effective but also provide a very good cure rate [15]. Besides various advantages, a serious drawback associated with these drugs is the toxicity load exerted on the body by these drugs due to intracellular conversion of Sb(V) to Sb(III) and its biodistribution. The higher solubility of such compounds in water causes them to be ineffective when taken orally so intramuscular injection is the only option available for getting them into the human body, which usually leads to poor compliance. The bismuth complexes not only have the advantage of reduced toxicity but also retain high activity against these parasites [1,2,16]. The biological actions of bismuth containing compounds are mostly dependent on the ligand used as well as the coordination geometry of the complexes [7,17–20].