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Biological Process for Butanol Production
Published in Jay J. Cheng, Biomass to Renewable Energy Processes, 2017
Maurycy Daroch, Jian-Hang Zhu, Fangxiao Yang
There was almost no use of butanol during the war, but the substance had been stored in immense vats (one later used as a swimming pool). After the war, many ABE facilities were closed because of the sharp decrease of acetone demand. Upon introduction of prohibition in the United States in 1920, there was an immediate shortage of amyl alcohol, a by-product of alcoholic fermentation. Amyl alcohol had been used to produce amyl acetate, a solvent for quick-drying lacquers, needed by the growing automobile industry in large amounts. Butanol was proven to be a perfect replacement, which started the production of butyl acetate. As consequence result, all ABE production plants which had closed after the armistice were reopened and new ones were built. Many countries used the fermentation to fulfill their industrial needs of butanol, and until 1950 approximately two-thirds of world’s butanol supply stemmed from the biological process. The largest biobutanol fermentation plant at that time was located in Peoria, IL, USA, and had a capacity of 96 fermenters with a volume of 50,000 gallons or 189,000 L each. Numerous facilities were opened in South Africa, the former Soviet Union (using lignocellulose hydrolysates as a substrate), and China (using continuous culture technology). Many of these facilities were operated until the 1980s (South Africa and the former Soviet Union) and 2004 (China). The decline of the butanol fermentation was caused by increasing substrate (molasses) costs and much cheaper butanol from crude oil refinery processes.
List of Chemical Substances
Published in T.S.S. Dikshith, and Safety, 2016
Amyl alcohol is produced during the fermentation of grains, potatoes, and beets. It is also produced during the acid hydrolysis of petroleum fraction. Amyl alcohol is widely used in industry. For example, in the manufacturing of lacquers, paints, varnishes, perfumes, pharmaceuticals, plastics, rubber, explosives, hydraulic fluids, for the extraction of fats, is also used in the petroleum refinery industries.
Effect of amyl alcohol addition in a CI engine with Prosopis juliflora oil – an experimental study
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2021
Boopathi Duraisamy, Kandasamy Velmurugan, V S Karuppannan Venkatachalapathy, Subramanian Thiyagarajan, Edwin Geo Varuvel
Figure 10 displays the variation of ignition delay and combustion duration for diesel, JPO, JPME, and JPME + A20 at maximum load condition. Ignition delay is crank angle between start of injection to 5% of mass fraction burnt (start of combustion). At maximum load, ignition delay for diesel and JPO is 17°CA and 19°CA. The delay in start of combustion in JPO is attributed to high viscosity of JPO, which leads to longer physical delay period. High viscosity of JPO leads to delayed atomization and mixing process. Hence, the start of combustion is delayed for JPO in comparison with diesel. With JPME, the ignition delay is 16°CA at maximum load. The early start of combustion with JPME is due to higher cetane index in comparison with diesel. With amyl alcohol, the start of combustion was slightly delayed due to low cetane index of amyl alcohol.
Experimental analysis of a mini truck CRDI diesel engine fueled with n-Amyl alcohol/diesel blends with selective catalytic reduction (SCR) as a DeNOx technique under the influence of EGR
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2020
Santhosh K, Kumar Gottekere Narayanappa
Earlier the higher alcohols (C5-C10) were produced only from the petroleum sources, and also the manufacturing cost of these alcohols is high. However, the fuel properties of higher alcohols are superior compared to lower carbon chain alcohol (C1-C4); it attracts the researchers, biotechnology companies, and industries. With their continuous interest and dedication finally, the production of higher alcohol from nonpetroleum sources like biomass is found (Pan et al. 2018). The researchers genetically engineered some micro-organisms like Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and photosynthetic organisms like cyanobacteria to produce the higher carbon chain alcohols biologically from nonfood biomasses (Kumar et al. 2016). The higher carbon chain alcohols are also produced by using carbon dioxide (CO2) by photosynthetic recycling of carbon dioxide or direct electro-microbial conversion (Li et al. 2012). The conversion of CO2 into higher alcohols reduces the greenhouse gas emission and eliminates the unnecessary energy expenditure to deconstruct biomass (Atsumi, Higashide, and Liao 2009; Sheehan 2009). The n-Amyl alcohol (The n-Amyl alcohol is also named as 1-pentanol and n-pentanol.), n-Hexanol, and Decanol are the most promising higher alcohols.
Potential of amyl alcohol mixtures derived from Scenedesmus quadricauda microalgae biomass as third generation bioenergy for compression ignition engine applications using multivariate-desirability analysis
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2021
The synthesis of amyl alcohol requires a feedstock whose biomass is rich in protein and similar complex sugars. This requirement was met by isolating a strain of scenedesmus quadricauda microalgae from a local wastewater source using a CH20i-TR trinocular microscope and trypan blue dye for staining (Koç et al. 2018). The methodology used for the production of amyl alcohol is discussed in this section