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Published in Natan B. Vargaftik, Lev P. Filippov, Amin A. Tarzimanov, Evgenii E. Totskii, Yu. A. Gorshkov, Handbook of Thermal Conductivity of Liquids and Gases, 2020
Natan B. Vargaftik, Lev P. Filippov, Amin A. Tarzimanov, Evgenii E. Totskii, Yu. A. Gorshkov
Isoamyl alcohol C5H11OH. The values presented in Table 14.18 should be accurate to two percent and can be fitted into the equation given by () λ⋅103=166.7−7.013⋅10−2 T−1.255⋅10−4 T2
Economics and Industrial Aspects of PHA Production
Published in Martin Koller, The Handbook of Polyhydroxyalkanoates, 2020
In the 1990s the sugar price in the international market was commercialized at US$ 200 to US$ 300 per metric tons. The possibility of using sucrose as carbon feedstock led Copersucar Technology Center (CTC), Institute of Technological Research of São Paulo State (IPT) and São Paulo State University to engage in P(3HB) and P(3HB)-co-3HV research [8]. Moreover, isoamyl alcohol, a byproduct of ethanol fermentation, was disclosed to be used as the solvent phase for PHA extraction from microbial biomass [9]. The technology was transferred to the Brazilian company PHB Industrial S.A. by the end of 1995. Nowadays they are able to run an industrial plant using raw sucrose from sugarcane to produce either P(3HB) and P(3HB)-co-3HV by Cupriavidus necator DSM 545 and a mutant strain of Burkholderia sacchari. The set-up combines a train of seed fermenters (0.1 m3 and 1.0 m3) followed by the production fermenter of 13 m3. The set-up was integrated with Usina da Pedra, Serrana, SP, Brazil, a traditional bioethanol sugar mill. Former pilot plant experiments ran at IPT led to the production of 70 g/L of P(3HB) and at a productivity of 1.7 g/(L⋅h) and 3.1 kg sucrose per kg P(3HB), using Cupriavidus necator DSM 545 in a fed-batch two-phase fermentation. Economic analysis indicated that P(3HB) production cost for 10,000 t/year using this technology was estimated to be about US$ 2.25–2.75 per kg, depending on the sugar cost [10]. Today price and production capacity of the various biopolymer grades commercialized under the trade name Biocycle are not disclosed. Concerning P(3HB)-co-3HV production, it should be mentioned that monomer incorporation to a PHA chain demands the use of a C3 or C5 carbon source such as propionic or valeric acid. Competitive P(3HB)-co-3HV cost may be achieved with the use of the selected mutagenic strain B. sacchari IPT 189 [11].
Production of isoamyl propionate: use of Amberlyst – 15 in batch reactor and packed bed reactor
Published in Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers, 2021
Rajendra B. Bhandare, Amit Katariya, Yogesh. S. Mahajan
Isoamyl alcohol is produced by fermentation. Though isoamyl alcohol can be used in fusel oil compositions, it can be effectively used to produce important chemicals, thus adding value to the product. Isoamyl propionate (IP) is produced by reacting propionic acid with isoamyl alcohol. This ester has applications in the flavor industry, due to its pineapple aroma. The simplest route to produce isoamyl propionate is the direct esterification of alcohol with acid in the presence of acid catalyst (Scheme 1):
Stabilization of magnetic fluid with polydimethylsiloxane kills three birds with one stone
Published in Soft Materials, 2022
Two isomers were tested: normal pentanol and 3-methylbutanol (isoamyl alcohol). Like n-propanol and n-butanol, n-pentanol is enough effective coagulant. Delamination is also observed at a volume fraction of alcohol of 3:1.