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Alternative splicing of arsenic (III oxidation state) methyltransferase
Published in Yong-Guan Zhu, Huaming Guo, Prosun Bhattacharya, Jochen Bundschuh, Arslan Ahmad, Ravi Naidu, Environmental Arsenic in a Changing World, 2019
Alternative splicing generates more than two mRNAs by alteration in the location and combination at the splicing sites, resulting in variant isoforms of the protein translated from a single gene. Environmental chemicals that are known to cause oxidative stress, such as paraquat and arsenic, were shown to impair control over mRNA splicing, resulting in the deregulation of the survival of motor neurons (SMN) and the induction of DNA damage in gene 45α (GADD45α). It has been reported that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stimulates alternative splicing of hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) and soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC). Thus, it is apparent that oxidative stress causes splicing abnormalities on specific mRNAs. However, it remains unknown whether the control of splicing of AS3MT mRNA is vulnerable to oxidative stress.
Naturally Occurring Polymers—Animals
Published in Charles E. Carraher, Carraher's Polymer Chemistry, 2017
It appears that another way to gain complexity is the division of genes into different segments and by using them in different combinations, increasing the possible complexity. These protein coding sequences are known as exons and the DNA in between them as introns. The initial transcript of a gene is processed by a spliceosome that strips out the introns and joins the exons together into different groupings governed by other active agents in the overall process. This ability to make different proteins from the same gene is called alternative splicing. Alternative splicing is more common with the higher species. Related to this is the ability of our immune system to cut and paste together varying genetic segments that allow the immune system to be effective against unwanted invaders.
Genetic and Epigenetic Considerations in iPSC Technology
Published in Deepak A. Lamba, Patient-Specific Stem Cells, 2017
Splicing is one of the mRNA processes done to exclude introns and connect exons from nascent pre-mRNA. Alternative splicing (AS) is a crucial regulation for producing multiple isoforms from a single gene by joining different sets of exons. Innovation of high-throughput sequencing and high-resolution microarray allows the genome-wide screening of unique splicing patterns in hESCs and mESCs (161–164). Recent studies identified several ESC-specific AS events and these transcriptional isoforms promote iPSC generation. Here, we highlight the functions and the importance of recently identified ESC-specific splicing variants (Table 3.1).
Human leucocyte antigen – G gene polymorphism in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients in Mansoura University Hospitals
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2021
Ghada Barakat, Asser Elsharkawy, Yasmin Nabiel
Alternative splicing of the primary transcripts of HLA-G gene causes the formation of 7 isoforms, which includes four membrane-bound ones (HLA-G1, -G2, -G3, and -G4) and other three soluble isoforms (HLA-G5, -G6, and -G7) [16].