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Graphene-Based Electrochemicals and Biosensors for Multifaceted Applications in Healthcare
Published in Suvardhan Kanchi, Rajasekhar Chokkareddy, Mashallah Rezakazemi, Smart Nanodevices for Point-of-Care Applications, 2022
G. Manasa, Nagaraj Shetti, Ronald J. Mascarenhas, Kakarla Raghava Reddy
Zika virus (ZIKV) is transmitted through mosquito bites, and differential diagnosis is still challenging as the disease symptoms overlap with dengue, yellow fever, and chikungunya. Although non-structural protein-1 (NS-1) is commonly located in many other flaviviruses, the ZIKV-NS-1 protein has been substantiated to have a distinct conformation and characteristics that differentiate it from other flaviviruses such as the dengue. Faria and Mazon [101] targeted this property and developed an EC immunosensor based on ZnO nanostructures immobilized with anti-ZIKV-non-structural protein-1 (ZIKV-NS-1) antibodies. The seeding layer of the working electrode was composed of GO on which the zinc oxide nanorods (ZnO-NR) were synthesized using chemical bath deposition. Subsequently, on to the ZnO-NR, anti-ZIKV-NS-1 antibodies were immobilized via cystamine and glutaraldehyde.
Human physiology, hazards and health risks
Published in Stephen Battersby, Clay's Handbook of Environmental Health, 2023
Revati Phalkey, Naima Bradley, Alec Dobney, Virginia Murray, John O’Hagan, Mutahir Ahmad, Darren Addison, Tracy Gooding, Timothy W Gant, Emma L Marczylo, Caryn L Cox
Zika virus disease is caused by a virus transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. People with Zika virus disease usually have symptoms that can include mild fever, skin rashes, conjunctivitis, muscle and joint pain, malaise or headache and symptoms normally last for two–seven days. The incubation period is not clear but thought to be a few days. There is no specific treatment or vaccine currently available, and the best form of prevention is protection against mosquito bites. The virus is known to circulate in Africa, the Americas, Asia and the Pacific.
RNA-Based Vaccines for Infectious Disease
Published in Yashwant V. Pathak, Gene Delivery Systems, 2022
Deepa Dehari, Aiswarya Chaudhuri, Sanjay Singh, Ashish Kumar Agrawal
Zika virus is responsible for an infant microcephalic pandemic and adult Guillain-Barre disorder [55]. Since no Zika virus immunology therapies or vaccinations are presently available, several global health organizations have made the development of safe and effective vaccines a top priority [56].
Using mathematical modelling to investigate the effect of the sexual behaviour of asymptomatic individuals and vector control measures on Zika
Published in Letters in Biomathematics, 2019
S. Bañuelos, M. V. Martinez, C. Mitchell, A. Prieto-Langarica
Zika is a vector-borne disease which is primarily transmitted through the bite of an infected female Aedes mosquito, mainly Aedes aegypti (Gao et al., 2016). Aedes aegypti mosquito is the same mosquito that can transmit dengue, chikungunya and yellow fever. Unlike dengue, chikungunya and yellow fever, however, Zika can be transmitted through sexual contact (Allard, Althouse, Hébert-Dufresne, & Scarpino, 2017). The most common symptoms of the Zika virus infection are fever, rash, headache, joint pain, conjunctivitis and muscle pain. Symptoms usually last anywhere from 3 to 14 days (Krow-Lucal, Biggerstaff, & Staples, 2017). Yet not everyone who is infected with Zika displays or experiences any symptoms and, in fact, it is estimated that 80% of people infected with Zika are asymptomatic (Duffy et al., 2009).
Affect toward the policy option versus the hazard differentially mediates cultural effects on Americans’ Zika risk perceptions and policy support: Comparing the Solution Aversion-based model and the Affect Heuristic-Cultural Cognition Theory model
Published in Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 2022
Transmission of Zika virus occurs mainly via bites of the female mosquito, primarily Aedes aegypti, also the main vector for transmitting yellow fever, dengue, and chikungunya. This urban mosquito prefers biting humans over other creatures, bites during the day (making mosquito nets, effective against night-biting species, ineffective), feeds on multiple hosts in a single egg cycle, and flies up to about 200 meters, factors making it a difficult species to control (WHO, 2015). Other known transmission routes are sexual intercourse and mother-to-baby before or during birth. People infected by a mosquito elsewhere might infect others upon return home by any such route.
A mathematical model of Zika virus transmission with saturated incidence and optimal control: A case study of 2016 zika outbreak in Puerto Rico
Published in International Journal of Modelling and Simulation, 2023
Sudhanshu Kumar Biswas, Uttam Ghosh, Susmita Sarkar
The Zika virus, the pathogen of the Zika infection, is flavivirus carried by mosquitoes. It spread to host by the bites of infectious Aedes spices female mosquitoes (vector) in the day time. Along with the vector transmission a few cases reported that it can also spread from an infected male to susceptible female through sexual contact [10–12]. Thus in the transmission of Zika virus, vector route is a greater issue than sexual transmission route and some authors give priority on the above facts by including vector transmission route only in their Zika model [2,13–15].