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Vectored vaccines
Published in Amine Kamen, Laura Cervera, Bioprocessing of Viral Vaccines, 2023
Zeyu Yang, Kumar Subramaniam, Amine Kamen
From the perspective of design and processing, some of the vectors and particularly adenovirus-vectored vaccines benefited from extensive background knowledge and expertise originally developed within the field of gene therapy and virotherapy extending the vaccinology application field to oncotherapy and therapeutic vaccines. Replication-defective vectors are mostly used in oncotherapy; however, replication-competent viruses such as reovirus and NDV are currently used in many clinical trials in virotherapy targeting specifically tumor cells [11,12].
Treating cancerous cells with viruses: insights from a minimal model for oncolytic virotherapy
Published in Letters in Biomathematics, 2018
Adrianne L. Jenner, Adelle C. F. Coster, Peter S. Kim, Federico Frascoli
Oncolytic virotherapy is fast becoming a successful cancer treatment. Recent advances in genetically modified cancer-killing viruses have shown increasing promise both experimentally and clinically (see Aghi & Martuza, 2005; Jebar et al., 2015; Lawler, Speranza, Cho, & Chiocca, 2017; Prestwich et al., 2008; Russell, Peng, & Bell, 2012; Wang et al., 2016). Many naturally occurring viruses are being investigated for their use in cancer treatments, for example: Herpes Simplex Virus, adenovirus, measles, reovirus, Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (Russell et al., 2012). These viruses are currently being tested in clinical trials and are used to treat a range of cancer types such as Glioma, Ovarian cancer, Sarcoma, Pancreatic cancer, Prostate cancer and Bladder cancer (Prestwich et al., 2008; Russell et al., 2012). Recent success has been reported in treating metastatic melanoma with the herpes simplex virus (Andtbacka et al., 2015). However, oncolytic virotherapy is considered to be at a conceptual stage and consistent success in cancer eradication or control still remains elusive. Much is still unknown about the sensitivity of oncolytic virotherapy to tumour and viral heterogeneity. For example, protocols detailing doses, treatment lengths etc, are not yet universally established.