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Vestibular and Related Oculomotor Disorders
Published in Anthony N. Nicholson, The Neurosciences and the Practice of Aviation Medicine, 2017
Nicholas J. Cutfield, Adolfo M. Bronstein
The accurate diagnosis of vertigo, usually due to vestibular disorders, is vital to determine prognosis and make informed decisions about returning to flying. Some causes of attacks of vertigo can respond to treatment, such as simple mechanical repositioning manoeuvres to treat benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, although there remains the risk of recurrence. It is, of course, also important to differentiate peripheral disorders of the vestibular nerve or organ from central nervous system disorders requiring expedient brain imaging and other investigations. Familiarity with symptoms encountered in vestibular syndromes can help differentiate these from episodes of spatial disorientation during flight where there is a normally functioning peripheral and central vestibular system. Loud sounds and pressure changes are intrinsic to aviation and, in some patients, they can induce vertigo and nystagmus, as in the recently recognized Tullio phenomenon.
Aviation Physiology
Published in Monica Martinussen, David R. Hunter, Aviation Psychology and Human Factors, 2017
Monica Martinussen, David R. Hunter
This illusion generally occurs when a pilot is in a turn and bends the head downward or backward (e.g., to look at a chart or the overhead panel). This angular motion of the head and of the aircraft on two different planes can cause problems. The turn activates one semicircular canal and the head movement activates another (shown in Figure 3.27). The simultaneous stimulation of two semicircular canals produces an almost unbearable sensation that the aircraft is rolling, pitching, and yawing all at the same time and can be compared with the sensation of rolling down a hillside. This specific spinning sensation is called vertigo. It can quickly disorient a pilot and cause a loss of aircraft control.
Head and neck
Published in David A Lisle, Imaging for Students, 2012
Vertigo refers to an illusion of movement, such as rotation or tilt. Vertigo is classified as:Peripheral vertigo due to pathology of vestibule or semicircular canalsSuggested by features such as short duration, provocation with movement, pressure feeling in the earCentral vertigo due to pathology of the vestibular nerve or its connections in the brain.
A computational framework to simulate the endolymph flow due to vestibular rehabilitation maneuvers assessed from accelerometer data
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2018
Carla F. Santos, Jorge Belinha, Fernanda Gentil, Marco Parente, Bruno Areias, Renato Natal Jorge
Vertigo is a type of dizziness that normally occurs due to a dysfunction in the vestibular system, which is located in the inner ear. The patient has the perception of a spinning motion, a feeling of displacement of the environment relative to the individual or an intensive sensation of rotation inside the head (Taylor and Goodkin 2011). In these situations, it is important to avoid falls. Such symptoms are often associated with nausea and vomiting, and it can cause difficulties in standing or walking if it is related with central lesions (Karatas 2008). Other debilitating symptoms such as blurred vision and hearing loss may also occur (Strupp et al. 2011). Vertigo can be classified as either peripheral or central, depending on the location of the dysfunction in the vestibular pathway, and its most common cause is benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) (Karatas 2008), although it can be caused by other factors (Wippold and Turski 2009).
Sparse classification of discriminant nystagmus features using combined video-oculography tests and pupil tracking for common vestibular disorder recognition
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2020
Aymen Mouelhi, Amine Ben Slama, Jihene Marrakchi, Hedi Trabelsi, Mounir Sayadi, Salam Labidi
The proposed approach is performed and evaluated using 120 patients admitted at the ENT sector of Charles Nicolle Hospital from January 2015 to May 2016 who complained about vertigo or imbalance: 56 women (61%) and 34 men. The mean age was 58 years (age range 32-84 years) confirmed to have vestibular symptoms out of which 30 affected by VN, 30 judged by MD, 30 affected by Migraine and 30 seen normal. Indeed, the diagnostic criteria of vestibular syndromes is principally based on duration and the nature of vertigo. Patients can suffer from permanent vertigo attacks for seconds to minutes (e.g. vestibular paroxysmia), more than hours (e.g. MD or Migraine), or continuous vertigo for days to a few weeks (e.g. VN).