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Intramuscular Changes during Long–term Contraction
Published in Nigel Corlett, John Wilson, llija Manenica, The Ergonomics Of Working Postures, 1986
EMG recording. Muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis part of the quadriccps muscle. Blood and muscle samples were analysed for substrates, metabolites (Lowrv and I'assonneau 1972), electrolytes and water content (Sjqjaard 1983, Sjpgaard and Saltin 19R2). Additionally, cardiovascular changes, such as heart rate and blood pressure, were recorded.
Whole body sensing dummy of the elderly to evaluate robotic devices for nursing care
Published in Advanced Robotics, 2021
Kunihiro Ogata, Yoshio Matsumoto
The simulated buttock needs to move the hip joints freely and have the soft skin mechanism. The hip joint of this simulated buttock is expected to realize several postures. As the previous buttock dummies were covered and solidified with a high polymer material, the hip joints could not adjust to an arbitrary posture [19]. In this study, the simulated muscle parts were developed using a stretch soft silicone rubber (A-Lab Product). These simulated muscle parts were attached to the surface of the simulated bone. Thus, our simulated buttock has a soft exterior and a wide range of motion at its joint. The simulated muscle parts were segmented as the gluteus maximus group (gluteus maximus and gluteus medius), the adducent muscle group, biceps femoris, vastus medialis, and vastus lateralis. The simulated muscle parts are shown in Figure 2. The layout drawing of the simulated muscles and their assembly with the simulated bone is shown in Figure 3.
Comparing the effects of low and high load resistance exercise to failure on adaptive responses to resistance exercise in young women
Published in Journal of Sports Sciences, 2019
D. G. A. Stefanaki, A. Dzulkarnain, S. R. Gray
Muscle thickness was assessed non-invasively via ultrasound at baseline and post-training. Ultrasound is a valid, reliable and low-cost method used to assess changes in muscular thickness and cross-sectional area (Franchi et al., 2018). Transverse images were taken bilaterally for the biceps brachii and vastus lateralis muscles using a using a portable brightness mode (B-mode) ultrasound-imaging device (Echoblaster 128 Ext, Telemed Ltd®, Lithuania) with an 7.5Hz linear array transducer. Prior to image collection, anatomical locations were identified and marked with a pen. For the biceps brachii, images were taken at 30% of the distance between the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and the acromion process of the scapula. For the vastus lateralis, measurements were taken 70% of the distance between the lateral condyle of the femur and greater trochanter. Great care was taken to ensure the same limb positioning and consistent, minimal pressure, limiting compression of the muscle. In addition, to increase acoustic coupling and minimize near field artefacts, a water-soluble transmission gel was applied to the skin. All ultrasound images were digitized and analyzed with ImageJ software ver. 1.37. Muscle thickness was measured from the subcutaneous adipose tissue-muscle interface to the muscle-bone interface. All measurements were made by the same investigator pre- and post- intervention to ensure reproducibility (Intra-operator coefficient of variation: 4.4%).
Muscle and cerebral oxygenation during exercise in athletes with exercise-induced hypoxemia: A comparison between sea level and acute moderate hypoxia
Published in European Journal of Sport Science, 2020
Antoine Raberin, Henri Meric, Patrick Mucci, Jorge Lopez Ayerbe, Fabienne Durand
Portamon and Portalite NIRS systems (both from Artinis Medical Systems BV, Elst, The Netherlands) were used to determine the oxygenation of the right vastus lateralis (MOx) and the prefrontal cortex (COx), respectively. This NIRS technique has been extensively described and validated in the literature (Perrey & Ferrari, 2018; Subudhi et al., 2007). The NIRS devices’ three pairs of light-emitting diodes (emission wavelengths: 760 and 850 nm) enable the measurement of micromolar changes in oxygenated hemoglobin and deoxygenated hemoglobin (ΔO2Hb and ΔHHb, respectively) because the contribution of myoglobin is likely to be relatively small (Wilson et al., 1989). The sum of the changes at 760 and 850 nm gives the micromolar change in total hemoglobin (ΔTHb), which in turn reflects the variation in regional blood volume. A differential path length factor of 4 was assumed for all tests. The Portamoon’s optode was placed on the right belly of the vastus lateralis, midway between the greater trochanter and the lateral epicondyle of the femur. Use of a surgical marker ensured accurate repositioning of the optode for the second trial. Skinfold thickness was measured in the sagittal plane at the probe site. The Portalite’s optode was attached to the skin over the left prefrontal cortex. Plastic wrap was used to protect the probes from sweat during the tests. To ensure that the NIRS probes did not move during exercise and to prevent interference by ambient light, the device was affixed with surgical tape and then an elastic bandage. The values of ΔO2Hb, ΔHHb and ΔTHb were expressed as a change from baseline (a 3 min average before the test) in micromoles per centimetre (µM.cm).