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The WELL® Building Standard
Published in Traci Rose Rider, Margaret van Bakergem, Building for Well-Being, 2021
Traci Rose Rider, Margaret van Bakergem
The urinary system is key in filtering and eliminating waste and toxins, balancing levels of pH and electrolytes in the blood, and maintaining healthy blood pressure. Chronic issues found in the urinary system include urinary tract cancers, incontinence, kidney stones, kidney failure, and urinary tract infections.8 These issues can be caused by any number of conditions. Common contributors to urinary disorders include cancers or benign tumors, dehydration, infections, and chronic inflammation. Kidneys are particularly sensitive organs that can rapidly be impacted by exposure to toxins and chronic high blood pressure, among other factors like excessive quantities of alcohol and medication. In terms of building design and operation, the urinary system can be supported by reducing and eliminating toxins and pathogens that might negatively impact this sensitive system, as well as reducing stress to support healthy blood pressure and hormone levels.
Toxicology of CERCLA Hazardous Substances
Published in Barry L. Johnson, Impact of Hazardous Waste on Human Health, 2020
The kidneys are the body’s primary means for removing wastes from blood. As part of the urinary system, they filter blood as it passes through and release the waste as urine. Urine then flows to the urinary bladder by way of two tubes called ureters, one attached to each kidney. Urine stored in the bladder is released from the body through a tube called the urethra. Loss of kidney function is fatal unless kidney dialysis (artificial filtering of blood) or kidney transplant occurs.
A two-dimensional numerical study of peristaltic contractions in obstructed ureter flows
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2018
Z. Najafi, B. F. Schwartz, A. J. Chandy, A. M. Mahajan
The urinary system is primarily responsible for the elimination of waste products from the body and maintaining a balance of fluid or salt. In the urinary system, the kidneys remove the urea from blood and excrete it through the urethra. The flow of urine from the kidneys to the ureter is accomplished by peristaltic (pumping) contractions (Constantinou 1974). Peristaltic motion is a fundamental feature to many other physiological flows such as those in the esophagus and reproductive organs (Fung and Yih 1968; Misra and Pandey 2001; Fauci and Dillon 2006). It is defined as the fluid flow resulting from waves of contraction and expansion. The peristalsis of urine through the ureter can sometimes be accompanied by entities such as kidney stones or calculi. Kidney stones are accumulated mineral deposits that form in the kidney and drop into the ureter (Pak et al. 2003). In the kidney stone disease or urolithiasis, particles often get stuck and block the flow of urine, thereby causing severe pain.