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Tests on Naturally Voided Body Fluids
Published in Robert B. Northrop, Non-Invasive Instrumentation and Measurement in Medical Diagnosis, 2017
There are several tests for H. pylori (MedlinePlus 2013, Patient 2014). The presence of H. pylori in the stomach can definitively be determined invasively by taking a biopsy from a stomach ulcer with a gastroscope. A blood Ab test also is fairly accurate in identifying an H. pylori infection. The accurate, NI, “urea breath test” for the bacterium makes use of the fact that H. pylori survives on the stomach lining by secreting the enzyme, urease. Urease breaks down urea in the stomach contents to ammonia and carbon dioxide. The ammonia forms ammonium hydroxide which neutralizes stomach hydrochloric acid in the vicinity of the bacteria protecting them. The reaction is:2H2N(13CO)NH2+2H2O→urease4 NH3+213CO2↑.
Gastrointestinal tract and salivary glands
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
13C-urea breath test is the most sensitive diagnostic method to detect the presence of Helicobacter pylori infection in the stomach. It takes advantage of the process of metabolism from Helicobacter pylori. The bacterium will split urea into urease and carbon dioxide (CO2), this will then be exhaled. Radioactive labelled CO2 can then be detected and the infection diagnosed.
Helicobacter pylori, stomach cancer and its prevention in New Zealand
Published in Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 2020
Virginia Signal, Jason Gurney, Stephen Inns, Melissa McLeod, Dianne Sika-Paotonu, Sam Sowerbutts, Andrea Teng, Diana Sarfati
Additionally, large-scale community-based randomised trials focusing on eradicating H. pylori in asymptomatic individuals have recently been initiated in Linqu County, China (Pan et al. 2015) and in Changhua County, Taiwan (Sugano 2015; Lee, Chiang, Liou, et al. 2016). In China (Pan et al. 2015), initial testing for H. pylori was undertaken with a C-urea breath test, while treatment for the intervention group consisted of double antibiotic therapy with adjuvant PPI for 10 days. The China study reported a treatment compliance rate of 89% and a 73% eradication rate. The Taiwanese (Lee, Chiang, Liou, et al. 2016) study is coupled to colorectal cancer screening by using faecal antigen test for H. pylori infection alongside immunochemical faecal occult blood testing (for colorectal cancer), with an eligible age range of 50–69 years. This study used a retest-and retreat practice with second-line treatment where required, with an overall eradication rate of 98%.