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Role of Dendrimers in the Development of New Dendritic Cells Immunotherapies Against HIV-1 Infection
Published in Anne-Marie Caminade, Cédric-Olivier Turrin, Jean-Pierre Majoral, Phosphorus Dendrimers in Biology and Nanomedicine, 2018
Rosa Reguera, Joao Rodrigues, Jose Correa, M. Angeles Munoz-Fernandez
DCs play a key role in linking innate and adaptive immunity. DCs capture antigens from pathogens and present them to T cells, stimulating CD4- and CD8-specific responses by MHC class-I and MHC class-II molecules [15]. DC-based immunotherapies have been applied successfully in cancer [16–18]. DCs loaded with tumor lysates, tumor antigen-derived peptides, or whole tumor proteins have all been shown to generate anti-cancer immune responses, including the capacity to induce complete regression of the tumor. In particular, a DC-based therapy, Sipuleucel-T, is the unique vaccine approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer [19,20]. Additional data in mice tumor models obtained by VUB (Vrije Universiteit Brussel) showed that intranodal immunization with a messenger RNA (mRNA)-based therapeutic vaccine (tumor-associated antigen- TriMix-mRNA) has the potential to efficiently increase the induction of tumor-specific immune responses compared to an mRNA- electroporated DC-based vaccine, suggesting that this strategy could provide the needed tool to be tested on humans [21].
A mathematical model of cytotoxic and helper T cell interactions in a tumour microenvironment
Published in Letters in Biomathematics, 2018
Heidi Dritschel, Sarah L. Waters, Andreas Roller, Helen M. Byrne
A number of novel immunotherapies have been designed to either enhance/boost the immune response or reverse/block the immunosuppressive effects of the tumour. In this work, we focus on adoptive T cell transfer therapy. This therapy acts to boost the army of T cells specific for a chosen tumour antigen (Rosenberg et al., 2008; Ruella and Kalos, 2014). Here circulating T cells are extracted from the host and those that are specific to the targeted tumour antigen are selected. This pool of antigen specific T cells are then stimulated to proliferate without the constraints of an immunosuppressive environment. Once a substantial population of these T cells have amassed, they are re-infused into the host. With the identification of an appropriate tumour antigen to target, this therapy holds the potential to elicit a potent anti-tumour immune response. Most therapies have been designed to target the cytotoxic T cells which are able to recognise and directly kill tumour cells. Work needs to be done to explore the potential of targeting the helper T cell population instead of or in addition to the cytotoxic T cell population (Zanetti, 2015). In this work, we explore which T cell population should be the target of immunotherapies designed to boost the T cell populations in the tumour micro-environment.
Immunotherapy approach with recombinant survivin adjuvanted with alum and MIP suppresses tumor growth in murine model of breast cancer
Published in Preparative Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2018
Himani Garg, Jagdish C. Gupta, G. P. Talwar, Shweta Dubey
Tumor antigens alone are not sufficient to induce a tumor-protective response. Appropriate combination of tumor antigen and immunomodulator is crucial for success of almost all cancer immunotherapeutic approaches. Various immunomodulators such as TLR agonists, anti-CD40 antibodies, cytokines like IL-2 and IFN-á or growth factors such as GM-CSF have been investigated,[12] however, they have not shown efficacy in inducing desired antitumor immune response and clinical benefit. Bacterial molecules are another important class of immunomodulators for vaccines. Mycobacterium indicus pranii (MIP) is a nonpathogenic, mycobacterial species; developed for treatment of multibacillary lepromatous leprosy patients and was found to be an effective immunomodulator.[13]