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Head and neck
Published in David A Lisle, Imaging for Students, 2012
Clinical presentation of head and neck cancer may include sore throat, hoarse voice or stridor. Another common presentation is with a painless neck lump due to lymph node metastasis (Fig. 11.11). SCC of the head and neck spreads by local invasion through the mucosal surface to deep structures. Lymph node metastases are common. Distant metastases may also occur, most commonly in the lungs. Relevant factors for staging of head and neck cancer include size of primary tumour, extent of local invasion and presence of cervical lymphadenopathy.
Work Capacity, Stress, Fatigue, and Recovery
Published in R. S. Bridger, Introduction to Human Factors and Ergonomics, 2017
The pharynx (throat) is a muscular tube that serves as the entrance to the respiratory and digestive tracts. It plays an important role in the forming of vowel sounds in speech (phonation). The larynx lies at the upper end of the trachea and just below the pharynx. It is part of the open passage through which air travels on its way to the lungs and protects the lungs against the ingress of solids. It is also the organ of voice production.
Introduction to Machine Learning
Published in Richard J. Roiger, Just Enough R!, 2020
Starting with the second row of the table, each remaining row is an instance of data. An individual row shows the symptoms and affliction of a single patient. For example, the patient with ID = 1 has a sore throat, fever, swollen glands, congestion, and a headache. The patient has been diagnosed as having strep throat.
Respiratory Effort Signal Based Sleep Apnea Detection System Using Improved Random Forest Classifier
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2021
Anju Prabha, Jyoti Yadav, Asha Rani, Vijander Singh
Sleep apnea (SA) is a major sleep disorder; an SA event is marked when there is a drop in the peak amplitude of the airflow signal for more than 10 s [1]. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is caused by a complete or partial blockage of the upper airway due to the throat muscles collapse, enlarged tonsils or infections in respiratory tract, etc. [2]. Central sleep apnea (CSA) is characterized by the lack of drive from the central nervous system to the respiratory muscles [3]. Sleep-wake cycles are regulated by the interplay of the circadian rhythm and homeostatic drive to sleep [4]. Hence, lack of sleep can impair cardiovascular and homeostatic regulatory systems in the long term and lead to heart failure, stroke and hypertension, etc. Around 1 billion adults suffer from OSA in the world and India ranks 4th for most cases [5,6].