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General Thermography
Published in James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead, Human Medical Thermography, 2023
James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead
Testicular torsion is an emergency condition where one testicle rotates in the scrotal sac, occluding the testicular artery. The resulting testicular ischemia produces extreme pain of rapid onset on the affected side. Swelling may also be present, making the diagnosis of acute epididymitis a possible diagnosis. Since the arterial occlusion stops warm blood from entering the scrotum, the involved testicle should appear cool to thermography, as opposed to the warm appearance of epididymitis. Experimental torsion of the testicular artery in animals has confirmed this, testicular torsion results in significant testicular cooling as measured by thermography; rewarming occurs quickly upon reduction of the experimental torsion.184 Thermography utilized in the emergency department may be extremely useful in the diagnosis of testicular torsion as well as in confirmation of its correction.
Designing for Lower Torso and Leg Anatomy
Published in Karen L. LaBat, Karen S. Ryan, Human Body, 2019
The testicles produce sperm, the cells carrying male DNA, daily. The penis delivers sperm during sexual activity. Although the penis and the testicles are near each other in the perineal region, sperm travels a circuitous path through several internal structures, including the prostate gland, which adds fluids to the sperm, before it is released into the urethra of the penis. Like penile measurements, testicular size varies man to man: 3.6 to 5.0 cm (1.4 to 2 in.) length, 1.5 to 2.4 cm (0.8 to 0.9 in.) depth, and 2.5 to 3.3 cm (1.0 to 1.3 in.) width (Sakamoto et al., 2008). The scrotum, the skin-covered muscular pouch that holds the firm, smooth testicles, changes size in response to environmental temperature changes. The scrotal muscles contract as the body cools, pulling the testicles closer to the torso, to keep them from cooling too much. And, when the core temperature rises above normal, the scrotal muscles relax fully, allowing the testicles to move as far as possible away from the torso. These testicle and scrotum size and position variations complicate fit issues for men’s reproductive structure wearables and for lower torso garments.
Azadirachta indica A. Juss)
Published in Yuli Rahmawati, Peter Charles Taylor, Empowering Science and Mathematics for Global Competitiveness, 2019
E. Lisanti, R.D. Wulandari, D. Sajuthi, M. Agil, R.I. Arifiantini, A. Winarto, Arwin
The testis have a function, namely as a place for spermatogenesis and androgen production. Testicles and are very important genital and reproductive tract glands in producing spermatozoa (Cheah & Yang, 2011). It is necessary to examine whether the seeds of the neem affect body weight, morphometry of the testis and reversibility of testicular and epididymides morphometry after treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reversibility and morphometry of the testis and epididymides after treatment with aqueous neem seed extract.
Citrate ester substitutes for di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate: In vivo reproductive and in vitro cytotoxicity assessments
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2020
Chi Rim Sung, Hyeon Gyu Kang, Ji Young Hong, Seung Jun Kwack
In addition, an in vitro cytotoxicity assessment was conducted using methyl tetrazolium (MTT) assays comparing the viability of mouse Leydig cell (TM3 cells), which are responsible for male hormone synthesis, and of mouse fibroblasts (NIH-3T3 cells), which are non-reproductive cells. Leydig cells within the testicles are responsible for the production of testosterone, a steroid hormone maintaining male reproductive ability. DEHP suppresses testosterone production in Leydig cells by disrupting the activation of proteins and enzymes involved in testosterone synthesis from cholesterol (Svechnikov et al. 2010). Thus, the aim was to identify any potential adverse effects of DEHP substitutes on Leydig cells as evidenced cytotoxicity assessment.