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Molecular and Cellular Imaging of Myocardial Inflammation
Published in Robert J. Gropler, David K. Glover, Albert J. Sinusas, Heinrich Taegtmeyer, Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging, 2007
Tenascin-C is an extracellular matrix protein, which appears in various pathological states, such as wound healing, cancer invasion, or inflammation (28–30). In a murine model of myocarditis, tenascin-C was reported to be expressed in the initial stage before necrosis or inflammatory cell infiltration was histologically apparent (31). Recently, a radiolabeled antitenascin-C monoclonal antibody has been developed for imaging inflammation related to myocarditis (32). In a rat model of autoimmune myocarditis produced by immunization with porcine myosin twice over a seven day interval, Sato et al. demonstrated high accumulation of 111In-labeled antitenascin-C antibody in the inflamed myocardial region on ex vivo autoradiographs of heart slices (Fig. 1) (32). Furthermore, using a dual isotope approach with 111In-antitenascin-C and 99mTc-sestamibi and SPECT imaging, these investigators demonstrated that the focal uptake of 111In antitenascin-C antibody in the septal wall could easily be visualized in vivo (Fig. 2) (32).
Imaging of Cardiovascular Disease
Published in George C. Kagadis, Nancy L. Ford, Dimitrios N. Karnabatidis, George K. Loudos, Handbook of Small Animal Imaging, 2018
Aleksandra Kalinowska, Lawrence W. Dobrucki
With currently available protocols, a definite diagnosis of myocarditis requires an invasive biopsy test, making a new diagnostic technique strongly desired. It has been noted that during the processes of wound healing and inflammation, an increased expression of an oligometric extracellular glycoprotein, called tenascin-C, occurs in the extracellular matrix and thus a monoclonal antibody against it has been identified as a potential imaging agent. These high levels of tenascin-C are caused by the disintegration of cell membranes during necrosis and the exposure of myosin heavy chains from inside the cells to the circulation, where the radiolabeled antimyosin antibody binds specifically to these exposed myosin molecules.
Aptamers and Cancer Nanotechnology
Published in Mansoor M. Amiji, Nanotechnology for Cancer Therapy, 2006
Omid C. Farokhzad, Sangyong Jon, Robert Langer
Tenascin-C is an extracellular matrix protein that is over-expressed during tissue remodeling processes, such as fetal development, and wound healing, as well as tumor growth. TTA1 is an aptamer (Kd = 5 nM) that was isolated against the fibrinogen-like domain of Tenascin-C,67 and may potentially be useful for cancer diagnostic and targeted therapeutic applications.
Electrospun natural polymer and its composite nanofibrous scaffolds for nerve tissue engineering
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2020
Fangwen Zha, Wei Chen, Lifeng Zhang, Demei Yu
Other uncommon natural polymer materials have also been reported as cellular scaffold materials. Covalently modified with tenascin-C-derived peptides nanofibrillar scaffold showed enhanced ability to neuronal attachment, neurite generation and extension in vitro [100]. Gradient porous fibrous scaffolds were prepared from soy protein isolate by an improved electrospinning method [101]. The scaffolds presented similar properties to the soft biological scaffolds and supported cells adhesion and proliferation. Electrospun nanofibers were prepared from mucilage isolated from chan and linaza beans using poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as an aiding agent [102]. It was found the scaffold was well-suited for cell growth. Doped electrospun serum albumin (SA) nanofibrous scaffolds were fabricated and used in nerve tissue engineering [103]. The scaffolds could support the attachment, proliferation, and neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells and be also able to incorporate active growth factors and controllable release.
Age-specific response of skeletal muscle extracellular matrix to acute resistance exercise: A pilot study
Published in European Journal of Sport Science, 2019
Barbara Wessner, Michael Liebensteiner, Werner Nachbauer, Robert Csapo
Classically, the muscular ECM is subdivided into endomysial (around the muscle cell), perimysial (around groups of muscle cells), and epimysial (around the whole muscle) connective tissues building a complex architecture which involves numerous collagens, laminins, proteoglycans, and various other proteins (Gillies & Lieber, 2011). Remodelling of the ECM is an integral process of skeletal muscle stem cell activity to support propagation and self-renewal (Rayagiri et al., 2018). A so-called “transitional matrix” characterised by an upregulation of tenascin-C, hyaluronic acid and fibronectin has been identified during the regeneration of amputated limbs in newts (Calve, Odelberg, & Simon, 2010). In humans, the basement membrane has recently been shown to play an important role in the regeneration of muscle subjected to electrically-induced lengthening contractions (Mackey & Kjaer, 2017a). Simultaneously, ECM components, such as collagen, proteoglycans and glycoproteins, are degraded by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), particularly gelatinase A (MMP-2) and gelatinase B (MMP-9), thereby contributing to the remodelling of the ECM (Carmeli, Moas, Reznick, & Coleman, 2004).
Aptamer based tools for environmental and therapeutic monitoring: A review of developments, applications, future perspectives
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2020
Błażej Kudłak, Monika Wieczerzak
Radiology methods are used to identify, locate, and assess the degree of disturbance in the structure and function of examined organs. These methods require the use of contrast-friendly agents with a suitable signal for detection and high tissue specificity. Such a role may be played by labeled aptamers capable of binding to proteins found on the surface of specific tissues or cells. Using established in vitro tumor cell lines, aptamers directed against tenascin C (a marker protein produced in large quantities by cancer cells) and the extracellular domain of the RTK receptor (a tyrosine kinase transmembrane protein involved in signal transmissions necessary for cancer proliferation and growth) have been successfully isolated (Hicke et al., 2001).