China 
Africa 
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Designing for Foot and Ankle Anatomy
Published in Karen L. LaBat, Karen S. Ryan, Human Body, 2019
The tarsal bones form the rear of the foot and can be subdivided into proximal bones and distal bones. The proximal bones include the calcaneus and the talus. The calcaneus is the largest tarsal bone. You can feel its solid structure at the back and bottom of your foot. The calcaneal (Achilles) tendon attaches to the calcaneus and extends to the strong muscles on the posterior of the leg. The talus, as the uppermost foot bone, interfaces with the bones of the leg above it, the tibia and the fibula, to form the ankle (talocrural joint). Find the joint by locating the intersection of the leg and the foot. Refer to the illustration of the lower limb in Chapter 5 if needed. Run your hands down the inside and outside length of your leg from about mid-calf until you feel two protrusions. On the medial side of your leg you will feel the medial malleolus which is the distal end of the tibia. Along the outside feel the lateral malleolus which is the most distal portion of the fibula. The medial malleolus is slightly higher. Because these protrusions of the ankle do not lie on the same transverse plane (parallel to the ground), the total circumference for footwear, like high-top, pull-on boots, should be designed to comfortably encircle both malleoli. The tibia transmits the weight of the body to the talus. The fibula, with the ankle ligaments, acts as a strut to stabilize the talus beneath the tibia. The talus is unusual, as no muscles attach to it (Hamill & Knutzen, 2003). The talus rests on the calcaneus below, forming the subtalarjoint. The ankle structure, while amazingly sturdy, is very flexible and also susceptible to sprains as described later in this chapter.
Intra-operator and inter-operator reliability, and CT scan repeatability in 3D modelling of talus bone using CT imaging
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualization, 2018
Mason Kim, Alexandra Trovato, Vinay Prasad, Marwan El-Rich, Sukhvinder Dhillon, Samer Adeeb, Nadr Jomha
The talus bone, key to the function of the ankle and hindfoot joints, is one of seven bones that shape the lower part of the ankle joint, the tarsus. It is a critical component in the human’s mobility in that it transfers the weight of the body from the tibia and fibula, down to the calcaneus bone in the heel, as well as forward to the rest of the foot via the navicular bone (Shakked and Tejwani 2013). Although fractures and dislocations of the talus are uncommon (Bykov 2014), rare cases result in avascular necrosis (AVN) with collapse which leads to significant pain and restrictions of motion. Talus fractures most commonly occur as the result of high-energy trauma such as a fall from height, or excessive sustained forced dorsiflexion injury to the foot or the ankle (Fortin and Balazsy 2001; Vallier et al. 2003).