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Chemical Structure and Manufacturing Processes
Published in Chih-Chang Chu, J. Anthony von Fraunhofer, Howard P. Greisler, Wound Closure Biomaterials and Devices, 2018
Currently, there are two natural absorbable and six synthetic absorbable sutures that are commercially available. The natural absorbable sutures are all based upon collagen and they are catgut and reconstituted collagen. Synthetic absorbable sutures are all based on polyglycolide and its copolymers: Dexon®, a polyglycolide homopolymer; Vicryl®, a glycolide-l-lactide random copolymer of 90 to 10 molar ratio; PDS®, a poly-p-dioxanone; Maxon®, a glycolide-trimethylene carbonate block copolymer; Monocryl®, a copolymer of glycolide and ε-caprolactone; and Biosyn®, a triblock copolymer of glycolide and trimethylene carbonate. There are other names used to represent the above commercial absorbable sutures. For example, PGA, polyglactin 910, polyglyconate, poliglecaprone 25, and Glycomer 631 have been used to represent Dexon, Vicryl, Maxon, Monocryl, and Biosyn, respectively. Figure 5.1 shows the appearance of these absorbable sutures.
Bioabsorbable Fibers for Medical Use
Published in Menachem Lewin, Jack Preston, Handbook of Fiber Science and Technology, 2017
The most common implant in surgical practice is sutures, which are sterilized threads or yarns used to close wounds until they heal adequately for self-support. The healing rate of various tissues differs as shown in Fig. 1 [1]. It is estimated that more than 10 billion sutures are implanted annually into patients throughout the world. There are two major classes of sutures: absorbable (or biodegradable), used mainly to close internal wounds; and nonabsorable (or nonbiodegradable), used mainly for exposed or cutaneous wound closure. The absorbable suture is degraded in body tissues to soluble products and disappears from the implant site, usually within 2 to 6 months. Sutures are fabricated as monofilaments or multifilaments; the latter are generally braided but sometimes twisted or spun, and may be coated with wax, silicone, fluorocarbons, or other polymers to decrease capillarity and improve handling or functional properties.
Nanotechnology in Medicine: Drug Delivery Systems
Published in Raj K. Keservani, Anil K. Sharma, Rajesh K. Kesharwani, Drug Delivery Approaches and Nanosystems, 2017
Elena Campano-Cuevas, Ana Mora-Boza, Gabriel Castillo-Dalí, AgustíN. RodríGuez-Gonzalez-Elipe, MaríA-Angeles Serrera-Figallo, Barranco Angel, Daniel Torres-Lagares
Several efforts have also been made in the improvement of traditional materials used in medicine such as prosthesis, catheters or sutures. Among all medical devices, sutures are one of the most used due to their crucial role in surgery for wounds closure. Because of the complexity of postsurgery treatments, the application of drug delivery technology in sutures has been proposed recently (Catanzano et al., 2014; Lee et al., 2013; Obermeier et al., 2014; Serrano et al., 2015). Traditionally, the treatment, which consisted of a combination of antiinflammatory, pain relief and antibacterial drugs, have been administered via oral or injected (Lee et al., 2013). However, thanks to the implementation of drug delivery sutures, the complexity and highly expense (due to long hospitalizations of the patients would be reduced (Obermeier et al., 2014). The first commercialized drug delivery suture was a Polyglactin 910 one with triclosan-based on the capacity of this to inhibit the bacteria attachment. In addition, US FDA approved it in 2002, obtaining therefore an antimicrobial suture available for clinical use (Lee et al., 2013; Obermeier et al., 2014). Nevertheless, the increasing amount of bacteria that have developed resistance against triclosan and antibiotics during the last years, has led to a wider use of antiseptic with an amply spectrum of action (Obermeier et al., 2014). In addition, drug delivery sutures have been developed with well-known antiinflammatory or pain relief drugs, like Diclofenac or ibuprofen in combination with biopolymers such as PLGA, resulting in useful advices with a dual function: closing the surgery wound and providing sustained localized delivery of these drugs (Catanzano et al., 2014; Lee et al., 2013).
Analysis of study designs and primary outcome measures in clinical trials of investigational suture materials
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2022
Nahathai Dukaew, Wannachai Sakuludomkan, Mingkwan Na Takuathung, Dumnoensun Pruksakorn, Winita Punyodom, Nut Koonrungsesomboon
A surgical suture is one of the most common medical devices used to sew body tissues together and stitch a wound closed during surgical procedures [1]. It typically provides the mechanical support necessary to maintain wound closure, control bleeding, and minimize the risk of infection until the wound is healed [2]. Alternatively, suture materials can also be used for other medical purposes, such as repairing damaged tissue, facial thread lifting [3], mesh fixation [4], and organ fixation [5]. Since no single suture material is suitable for all types of surgical procedures, there is a wide range of suture materials currently being used in clinical practice [6]. Suture materials can be categorized based on their origin (e.g. natural or synthetic), absorbability (e.g. absorbable or non-absorbable), structural configuration (e.g. monofilament or multifilament), or certain additional advanced techniques (e.g. antibacterial-coated or knotless barbed) [7–9]. Although an ever-increasing array of suture materials are now available, surgeons are still in need of novel ones with regard to the types and complexity of surgical procedures currently being performed [10]. For any novel (investigational) suture materials, clinical trials are a prerequisite prior to a market approval application.
Exploitation of essential oil extracted from Tunisian Laurus nobilis for the development of PET antibacterial sutures
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2018
Nesrine Bhouri, Faten Debbabi, Intidhar Ben Salem, Saber Ben Abdessalem
Sutures are highly exposed to bacterial contamination. In fact, sutures cause themselves an interruption of the mucosal barrier and offer surface to bacteria with subsequent tissue colonization (Marzo et al., 2008). Antibacterial treatment on sutures is necessary to avoid infection, to stop metabolism in microbes in order to reduce infection and prevent textile products from deterioration (Mankodi, 2013). It is important to take into account mechanical effect on sutures in order to obtain maximum benefits. Antimicrobial agents are, generally, applied to textile substrate by exhaust, pad-dry, coating, spray, or directly added into the fiber spinning (Mankodi, 2013).