China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Macrophage Targeting: A Promising Strategy for Delivery of Chemotherapeutics in Leishmaniasis and Other Visceral Diseases
Published in Sarwar Beg, Mahfoozur Rahman, Md. Abul Barkat, Farhan J. Ahmad, Nanomedicine for the Treatment of Disease, 2019
Jaya Gopal Meher, Pankaj K. Singh, Yuvraj Singh, Mohini Chaurasia, Anita Singh, Manish K. Chourasia
Liver is a vital organ of body that regulates many physiological functions and maintains homeostasis. Diseases in liver are caused by chemical or biological insults, pathogens, or even mechanical injury. In case of liver injury, activation of immune cells like kupffer cells occurs, leading to secretion of inflammatory mediators that increase cytotoxicity and chemotaxis. So kupffer cells, local residents in liver are a major player in hepatocellular destruction. At the same time these immune cells are also known for their protective action mediated via production of IL–10 and IL–18. Fatty liver is another major concern in liver-related complications which may be either alcoholic or non-alcoholic fatty liver. In both cases, progression leads to hepatic steatosis and steatohepatitis which results in cirrhosis and liver cancer. As these are chronic inflammatory diseases, hepatic macrophages are involved in their processing, and an increased level of these cells is detected in patients with fatty liver. Liver fibrosis is associated with physiological alterations in the anatomy and configuration of extracellular matrix of liver. Collagen type IV, proteoglycans, and laminin of subendothelial space are substituted by collagen type I and III leading to alteration in the hepatic architecture. It also exhibits a decreased production of matrix metalloproteinases as well as increased production of their inhibitors. Kupffer cells are known to participate in the above process and can be a target that can have significant role in management of this disease (Kolios et al., 2006).
Organotin Compounds
Published in Fina P. Kaloyanova, Mostafa A. El Batawi, Human Toxicology of Pesticides, 2019
Fina P. Kaloyanova, Mostafa A. El Batawi
Two pilots exposed to fungicide mixtures during work had gastric pain, diarrhea, dryness of the mouth, severe thirst, and vision disturbances. Toxic hepatitis with hepatomegalia developed. Transaminase was elevated, and the highest values appeared after an interval of 6 weeks. Liver biopsy demonstrated diffuse steatosis. Hyperglycemia and glucosuria were present. Recovery occurred after 1 year in 1 of the pilots and after 6 weeks in the other. Three mechanics were also involved with less serious symptoms: diarrhea, headache, eye pains, blurred vision, epigastric pain, and thirst. Exposure was mostly inhalatory, but possible ingestion with contaminated food could not be excluded.14
Toxic Responses of the Liver
Published in Stephen K. Hall, Joana Chakraborty, Randall J. Ruch, Chemical Exposure and Toxic Responses, 2020
Fatty liver (or steatosis) is an excess accumulation of lipid in the parenchymal tissue. Microscopically, the hepatocytes in fatty liver appear to be filled with numerous lipid droplets that push aside other cellular components. Fatty liver can occur through excess fat synthesis, decreased fat degradation, or impaired fat secretion. Fatty liver is a common and reversible acute toxic response to many hepatotoxicants such as carbon tetrachloride and ethanol. In fact, the consumption of a few alcoholic beverages will result in fatty liver. However, some hepatotoxic agents such as acetaminophen do not cause fatty liver.
A comparative study of drying methods on physical characteristics, nutritional properties and antioxidant capacity of broccoli
Published in Drying Technology, 2020
Yayuan Xu, Yadong Xiao, Camel Lagnika, Jiangfeng Song, Dajing Li, Chunquan Liu, Ning Jiang, Min Zhang, Xu Duan
Broccolis have high nutritional functions for health. They are abundant in minerals, vitamins, phenolic, and flavonoids compounds, especially glucosinolates.[1] Epidemiological studies have proved their effects on hepatic steatosis, cardiovascular disease as well as prevention or reversal of cancer.[2] These potential beneficial functions are mainly attributed to glucosinolates and other antioxidant components.[3] A high moisture content in fresh broccolis is in relation to chemical, enzymatic, and microbial reactions, which may affect product quality and its shelf-life. Drying treatment is an effective industrial processing method to extend shelf life, and it is extensively applied in fresh food preservation.[4] However, deformation of food structures and loss of nutrients are inevitable in drying process. Drying methods and conditions play important roles in achieving the desired quality. Therefore, it is vital to investigate the influences of drying methods on food quality.