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The Anatomy of Human Motion
Published in Emeric Arus, Biomechanics of Human Motion, 2017
Inside the cell are the mitochondria, slender microscopic filaments 0.5 μm in diameter. They are the source of energy of the cell and are involved in protein synthesis and lipid metabolism. Approximately 95% of the ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the energy necessary for contraction, is produced here. The ATP is important for the myofibril. Athletes who train aerobically have more and larger mitochondria to increase the production of aerobic ATP.
Effects of a long-term smartphone-based self-monitoring intervention in patients with lipid metabolism disorders
Published in Assistive Technology, 2020
Anika Steinert, Cornelia Eicher, Marten Haesner, Elisabeth Steinhagen-Thiessen
In the presented study, a smartphone app was evaluated, which supports the user’s health management by collecting their health-related data and keep track of it. People with lipid metabolism disorders were chosen for this study. Lipid metabolism disorder is characterized by elevated levels of lipoproteins and causes altered (usually raised) levels of blood lipids, i.e. cholesterol, triglycerides, or phospholipids (Lipid Metabolism Disorders, 2012). Two main reasons led to the decision to include this patient group. First of all, a high percentage of people suffer from this disorder. A total of 39% of the adult population worldwide were affected by raised total cholesterol levels in 2008 (World Health Organisation, 2017), increasing therapy adherence is a priority. Especially in high-income countries, with a significantly higher prevalence compared to low-income countries (World Health Organization, 2014). In Germany, for instance, a longitudinal study identified high cholesterol levels in about 65% of the 18–79 years old (Scheidt-Nave et al., 2013), and about 20% suffered from a lipid metabolism disorder in 2009 (Lange, Lampert, & Robert-Koch-Institut, 2011), men and women showing only slight differences in prevalence rates.
Effectiveness of a physical activity program on weight, physical fitness, occupational stress, job satisfaction and quality of life of overweight employees in high-tech industries: a randomized controlled study
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2019
Yun-Ya Fang, Chien-Yuan Huang, Mei-Chi Hsu
In this study, we also observed a significant reduction of plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-C levels after the intervention. The PA program significantly decreased the total cholesterol levels by 6%, triglyceride levels by 16% and LDL-C by 8% in the intervention group. On the contrary, there was an increase in total cholesterol levels by 6% and LDL-C by 14.3%, and an insignificant reduction of triglyceride levels by only 0.4% in the control group. The improvements in serum lipids could not be attributed to dietary changes as participants were advised not to change their dietary habit during the study. Our findings are consistent with a recent study indicating that exercise training lowered triglyceride and cholesterol levels among obese persons [22]. Our findings are also in agreement with the previous reports that reduced plasma cholesterol levels were associated with decreased body weight and percentage body fat [23], and that exercise raised serum HDL-C levels of middle-aged employees and improved lipid management and outcomes at the worksite [9]. Exercise facilitates alterations in lipid metabolism and influences fatty acid oxidation [10].
Synthesis, biological activity and toxicity of chromium(III) metformin complex as potential insulin-mimetic agent in C57BL/6 mice
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2018
Jinlong Dong, Bin Liu, Gang Liang, Binsheng Yang
Cr(III) is considered to be the biologically active form of glucose tolerance factor in 1959 by Walter Mertz [10], yet the status of Cr(III) has been challenged and Cr(III) is not an essential trace element for mammals in recent literature [11, 12]. Nevertheless, pharmacologically related doses of Cr(III) can improve insulin sensitivity, triglyceride and blood cholesterol levels in animals with stresses on the glucose and lipid metabolism systems, especially in models of obesity and diabetes. Although the mechanism for these effects remains unclear at a molecular level, Cr(III) has been proposed to be an artificial second messenger in insulin action [13, 14]. Therefore, Cr(III) supplements and various forms of Cr(III), such as chromium nicotinate (CrNic) [15], chromium picolinate (CrPic) [16, 17] and chromium propionate (CrPro) [18], were successively prepared and extensively used in the market.