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Occupational skin diseases
Published in Chris Winder, Neill Stacey, Occupational Toxicology, 2004
Squamous cell carcinoma is a tumour of epidermal squamous cells which occurs most frequently on areas of the body that receive repeated and prolonged sunlight exposure (head, neck, lips, top of the ears, hands, forearms). These tumours seldom arise spontaneously on normal-looking skin and involve sites that generally show other signs of damage from sunlight. These changes include freckles (solar-induced lentigines), thickened yellowish furrowed skin (solar elastosis), skin wrinkles, abundant dilated skin vessels close to the surface of the skin (telangiectasiae) and flat, reddened, scaling, premalignant sun keratoses.
Pesticides and Chronic Diseases
Published in William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel, Reversibility of Chronic Disease and Hypersensitivity, Volume 4, 2017
William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel
Case 5: Extremely high DDE; a 70-year-old white female presented with a 4-month history of right aural pressure, autophony, and hearing loss with intermittent epistaxis (Table 7.6). She had no significant past medical history and had never used alcohol. She had been a 20-pack-year history of smoking but quit smoking 20 years prior to evaluation. Physical examination revealed a right serous otitis media. An ulcerated mass was seen in the nasopharynx occupying their posterior wall extending onto the roof and laterally into the Eustachian tube orifice. The neck revealed no masses. Biopsy revealed a poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. CT scanning revealed an erosion of the skull base, so the lesion was staged T4NOMO. Adipose tissue was obtained from the abdomen. Residues detected in the specimen included trans-nonachlor and DDE. Chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides are used worldwide for agriculture purposes, with the DDT family being the best known of a large number of related compounds. Their primary toxic effects are on nervous tissues and muscle membranes. These compounds affect the CNS, causing headaches, vertigo, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, sleep disturbances, irritability, thirst, dermatographia, paresthesias, myoclonus, seizures, and involuntary movements. Other toxic effects from human and animal studies include changes in CNS biogenic amine levels, induction of mixed function oxidase activity in the liver, and changes in enzymes associated with gluconeogenesis.24 These compounds are lipophilic and have an affinity for adipose tissue and other lipid rich tissue. Humans are exposed through ingestion of contaminated food and water, inhalation of dust and vapors, and cutaneous absorption from direct skin contact. A number of factors have been known to influence metabolism and storage of these compounds, including vitamin levels, drug use, multiple pesticide interactions, and other hydrocarbon exposure.
Study on Apoptosis of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Using Photothermal Therapy with Partial Injection of Gold Nanoparticles
Published in Nanoscale and Microscale Thermophysical Engineering, 2023
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a type of skin cancer that generally affects only the mucosal surface and skin. The incidence of this skin cancer is increasing each year owing to the identification of new skin cancers with the development of science and technology, increase in ultraviolet (UV) exposure owing to the increase in outdoor activities, and increase in the human lifespan [1, 2]. SCC is typically treated through an incision [3]. However, this treatment method has the disadvantage of bleeding and risk of secondary infection [4, 5]. Accordingly, a new treatment technique called photothermal therapy has emerged recently [6–8]. Photothermal therapy is a treatment technique that uses the photothermal effect (a phenomenon wherein light energy is converted into thermal energy) and kills tumor tissue by increasing the temperature of the medium [9, 10]. This treatment has the advantages of faster recovery and lower risk of secondary infection, compared with other treatment techniques. In addition, the technique applies lasers, whose intensity and heating range can be controlled conveniently [11–14].