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Irritation and Contact Dermatitis from Protective Gloves
Published in Robert N. Phalen, Howard I. Maibach, Protective Gloves for Occupational Use, 2023
The immediate allergy to latex and the delayed allergy to rubber chemicals suggest that the healthcare workers with glove-related dermatoses should undergo both skin prick test and patch test to detect type IV hypersensitivity to rubber chemicals and type I hypersensitivity to latex.
Differences in lung function, bronchial hyperresponsiveness and respiratory health between elite athletes competing in different sports
Published in European Journal of Sport Science, 2023
Guro P. Bernhardsen, Julie Stang, Thomas Halvorsen, Trine Stensrud
The athletes attended one visit at the respiratory laboratory at the Norwegian School of Sport Sciences (NSSS), Oslo, Norway, for assessment of respiratory symptoms via a questionnaire, and clinical examinations of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO), spirometry, BHR to methacholine (PD20met) and a skin prick test (SPT) for allergy assessment. Asthma medication was withheld according to current guidelines given by European Respiratory Society (ERS) (Miller et al., 2005). Thus, inhaled short-acting beta2 agonists and sodium cromoglycate were withheld for 8 h prior to testing, inhaled long-acting beta2 agonists, theophylline and leukotriene antagonists for the last 72 h, anti-histaminic for the last 7 days, and orally administered glucocorticosteroids for the last 3 months. Inhaled glucocorticosteroids were not allowed to use at the test day. All athletes refrained from exercise and any food or drink containing nitrate on the same day of testing.
Indoor exposure assessment for levels of dust mite and total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) in living houses
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2023
Sung Ho Hwang, Sangwon Lee, Jong-Uk Won, Wha Me Park
Exposure to indoor allergens is one of the main reasons for respiratory disease development among those with a genetic predisposition (Demirtaş et al. 2016). The main dust mites are Der p, Der f, and Euroglyphus maynei. Der p1 and Der f1 are the two dominant house dust mite allergens belonging to Der p and Der f, respectively (Fereidouni et al. 2014). House dust mite-induced allergic rhinitis is an IgE-mediated immune response occurring in the mucosal lining of the nasal cavity, evidenced by a clinical history of rhinitis symptoms (sneezing, nasal pruritus, rhinorrhea, and nasal congestion) and/or ocular symptoms (itchy, teary, and red eyes) upon dust mite exposure, with a positive skin prick test or nasal provocation test and specific IgE testing (Bozek et al. 2013; Brożek et al. 2017). Health effects may show up either years after exposure has occurred or only after long or repeated periods of exposure; these effects, which include some respiratory diseases, heart disease, and cancer, can be severely debilitating or fatal. It is prudent to try to improve the IAQ in their house even if symptoms are not noticeable (EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency 2022).
Genetic variants affecting chemical mediated skin immunotoxicity
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2022
Isisdoris Rodrigues de Souza, Patrícia Savio de Araujo-Souza, Daniela Morais Leme
In GSTP1 gene, a non-synonymous amino acid substitution from isoleucine to valine at codon 105 (Ile105Val), (A > G) at position 313 of exon 5 (rs1695) (Ali-Osman et al. 1997; Moyer et al. 2008), either increases or reduces the catalytic activity of GSTP1 depending upon the type of substrate. Non-synonymous amino acid substitution occurs because the Val105 allele results in a steric restriction of the H-site due to shifts in the side chains of several amino acids and possibly accommodates less bulky substrates than Ile105 alloenzyme. As a result, the Val105 displays substrate specificities differ from Ile105 (Ali-Osman et al. 1997). Thus, in rs1695, it is challenging to determine which one is the risk allele, and Val105 may be either protective or a risk factor to allergy. For instance, homozygosity for GSTP1 Val105 was less common in individuals positive for skin prick test with 7 common aeroallergens house dust mite, house dust, grass mix, tree pollen, cat fur, dog fur, feathers than in those negative for this test, was associated with high ROS generation of Ile105 and a protective effect of Val105 (Millard, Fryer, and McGregor 2008). However, the low enzyme activity of Val105 may favor accumulation of ROS, which explains why this variant is also associated with higher susceptibility to allergy (airway inflammation in atopic asthmatics and AD) reported in several studies (Chung, Oh, and Shin 2009; Hoskins et al. 2013). However, in Russian children, GSTP1 heterozygous Ile105/Val105 was associated with a lower risk of AD, while both homozygotes were significantly higher in AD patients than in the controls (Safronova et al. 2003).