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Eczema
Published in Dag K. Brune, Christer Edling, Occupational Hazards in the Health Professions, 2020
Hand creams for lubrication and a topical medication for dermatitis may produce contact sensitivity. Thus, various vehicle constituents, preservatives, topical anesthetics, topical antibiotics, perfumes, and other constituents in emollients and topical medicaments may cause sensitization. Approximately 80% of contact allergies due to topical medicaments can be diagnosed by means of a standard patch test series.
Betel essential oil-loaded lipid-core nanocapsules as mosquito repellent spray formulations for fabric finishes
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2023
Azlan Kamari, Siti Najiah Mohd Yusoff, Siew Tin Susana Wong, Esther Phillip, Justin S. J. Hargreaves, Hidayatulfathi Othman
Skin irritation test of fabrics treated with BO-LNC on human was performed according to modified patch test method outlined by Junkum et al. (2021) and Wathoni et al. (2018). The patch test was carried out by placing cotton and polyester fabrics (6 × 6 cm) on the upper inner arm of the human volunteers and the skin reaction toward treated fabrics was monitored. Untreated fabrics were used as controls. For this test, 30 mixed-gender volunteers (age between 21 and 40 years old) with no history of dermatological disease or allergic reaction to arthropod bites, stings or repellents were recruited. Approval from the Human Research Ethics Committee of Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris has been obtained prior to the test. The volunteers were informed about possible discomfort and reaction that may arise during the test as well as medical help treatment provided in case of severe reactions. The skin irritation test was conducted in triplicates for each volunteer. The volunteers were asked to avoid using scented products such as cologne, deodorant, lotion and perfume during the testing period.
Alternative skin sensitization prediction and risk assessment using proinflammatory biomarkers, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2019
Min Kook Kim, Kyu-Bong Kim, Hyung Sik Kim, Byung-Mu Lee
Skin sensitization is a skin sensitizer-induced allergic reaction characterized by symptoms such as inflammation and hypersensitivity (Castañeda et al. 2017; Kim et al. 2018a; Lim et al. 2018a). This condition occurs frequently in the general population and is emerging as a global health problem (Jo et al. 2018; Lim et al. 2018b; Python, Goebel, and Aeby 2007; Schäfer et al. 2001). The presence of skin sensitizers is a safety concern in various consumer products, and test methods for their detection were recently developed (Lee, Hwang, and Lim 2017; Nepal et al. 2018; Park, Lee, and Park 2018). Previously, the evaluation of skin sensitization potency for certain substances was performed via in vivo experiments such as guinea pig maximization test, murine local lymph node assay (LLNA), and human repeat insult patch test (Basketter et al. 1996; Gerberick et al. 2001). These in vivo investigations might accurately assess skin sensitization potency for any substance but are limited by cost and ethics (Basketter et al. 1996; Kim et al. 2018b). Notably, animal testing of cosmetics and cosmetic raw materials was banned in Europe since March 2013 (European Commission (EC), 2013). As such, it is essential to develop alternative methods to assess skin sensitization potency (Lee and Kacew 2018; Python, Goebel, and Aeby 2007; Reuter et al. 2011).
Preparation and characterization of ZnO-PP nanocomposite fibers and non-woven fabrics
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2018
The primary skin irritation has been measured with the patch test method on the shaved skin of albino rabbits. In this method, 500 mg of textile sample with dimensions of 45 × 45 mm was applied. The samples have been wetted by spraying 2 ml water and covered with 12 × 12 cm gauze squares on the skin. The gauze patches were fixed with adhesive plaster. The experimental rabbits were kept in a small cage for an hour and then returned to their homes. After 4 h, the punch was removed. After 1 h of punch removing, the local reactions were evaluated according to Draize procedure. The evaluations were repeated every 24 h after punch removal and mean value were scored. The final control of localizations has been carried out after 7 days. For the reproduction of the values, all experiments were repeated again.