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Environmental Aspects of Light Pollution
Published in Tuan Anh Nguyen, Ram K. Gupta, Nanotechnology for Light Pollution Reduction, 2023
Reyhaneh Barzegar, M. Barzegar Gerdroodbary
Most research [8] on the effects of light pollution on human health has been done on the effect of this pollution on the incidence of cancer in women, especially women who work night shifts and under artificial light. The reason for this is the effects of artificial light on the secretion of the hormone melatonin, which can greatly affect the activities of the human body at night. It also regulates the release of female sex hormones and affects menstruation, puberty, and menopause. Children have the highest levels of melatonin overnight, and the amount of this hormone decreases with age. On the other hand, the secretion of melatonin in the body in the early hours of the morning (when the darkness of the air has reached its peak) is at its maximum and stops when exposed to light, even in very small amounts.
Steroids: Arthritis, Fertility, Heart Attacks, And Home Run Records
Published in Richard J. Sundberg, The Chemical Century, 2017
Cholesterol is an important constituent of biological membranes, but at elevated levels, it contributes to arterial plaque and is also the major constituent of gall stones. Deoxycholic acid and cholic acid are liver metabolites of cholesterol and are called bile acids. Estrone and testosterone are the primary female and male sex hormones, respectively. The sex hormones are involved in many aspects of the reproductive cycle, including onset of puberty, fertility, and pregnancy. Progesterone is involved in the female reproductive cycle and inhibits ovulation during pregnancy. The steroids function through binding to various receptors called androgen, estrogen, and progesterone, etc. receptors. These receptors in turn function to control activation of genes. Some of the systems appear to be controlled on the basis of a balance between particular steroids. From a pharmacological point of view, it is of interest to have both agonist and antagonists that can either activate or inhibit a specific receptor and its function. Structures such as cortisone are called corticosteroids and are produced by the adrenal glands. They are characterized by an oxygen substituent at C-11 and the hydroxyacetyl group at C-17. The corticosteroids are involved in the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis and are critical messenger in the endocrine system. The corticosteroids influence metabolism, cell differentiation and function of the immune system. Aldosterone is an important mediator of blood pressure and salt and water retention (see Section 14.1).
Land Contamination
Published in Daniel T. Rogers, Environmental Compliance Handbook, 2023
Benzoylmethylecgonine or cocaine is a stimulant affecting the central nervous system and also acts as an appetite suppressant. Antibiotics inhibit the growth of bacteria. Sildenafil citrate is an arterial stimulant that was originally intended to treat high blood pressure (Barnes et al. 2008). Testosterone is a male sex hormone, an anabolic steroid, and affects the growth of muscle mass.
The role of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation on female fertility: A review
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2023
Pooja Jangid, Umesh Rai, Radhey Shyam Sharma, Rajeev Singh
EMR affect the key hormones regulating the menstrual/estrous cycle and pregnancy. Estrogen and progesterone are vital sex hormones in females. They are secreted from the ovaries and regulate the menstrual cycle and gonadotrophin secretion. Progesterone is required for implantation and estrogen for folliculogenesis (Lasley et al. 1975; Drummond and Findlay 1999; Al-Asmakh 2007). Prolactin is primarily produced in the pituitary gland, and melatonin is produced in the pineal gland. Both prolactin and melatonin affect implantation. A review of the literature performed by Tenorio et al. (2015) showed that treatment with melatonin or prolactin affects the processes responsible for the development and maintenance of pregnancy. Hence, alterations in their levels could harm fertility.
Puberty Blockers for Children: Can They Consent?
Published in The New Bioethics, 2022
PBs (Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists or GnRHa) are a form of medication that blocks the physiological production of sex hormones. The sex hormones, testosterone (in males) and oestrogen (in females), are responsible for the changes that occur in puberty. PBs stop the production of the hormones FSH and LH from the pituitary gland, which stimulate the ovaries, and this in turn prevents the production of sex hormones.