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Anti-Inflammatory Compounds Derived from Marine Macroalgae
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Snezana Agatonovic-Kustrin, David W. Morton
Their mechanism of anti-inflammatory activity is believed to be similar to the action of heparins (Colliec-Jouault et al. 2012). Fucoidans extracted from different sources such as Fucus vesiculosus and Laminaria japonica, down-regulate the NF-қB signaling pathway and reduce the levels of several pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) (Fernando et al. 2017). The adhesion of leukocytes to vascular endothelium is a hallmark of the inflammatory process. Fucoidans interfere with P- (platelet) and L- (leukocyte) selectins, cell adhesion molecules essential in the recruitment process. Selectins play important roles in leukocyte trafficking to the sites of inflammation. The rolling of leukocytes along the endothelium is mediated by selectins. Thus, fucoidans prevent leukocyte rolling on the endothelium before their adhesion and extravasation from circulation into the inflamed site (Carvalho et al. 2014). The anti-inflammatory effect of fucoidans is also attributed to the suppression of inducible iNOS expression.
Pullulan: Properties and Applications
Published in Shakeel Ahmed, Aisverya Soundararajan, Pullulan, 2020
Showkat Ali Ganie, Tariq Ahmad Mir, Akbar Ali, Qing Li
CHP nanoparticles modified by amine result into greater efficiency in vivo and in vitro as an anticancer drug carrier (docetaxel) for targeting cancer cells in lungs [125]. Both in vivo and in vitro, CHP-coated liposomes also have great liver-targeting capabilities [126]. The safe delivery from hydrophobically modified CMP nanoparticles to tumor cells occurs via hydrazone bonds with drugs. Antioxidant properties of CMP have strong attraction toward spleen and lymph nodes [127]. PH-sensitive CMP nanoparticles possess property of liver targeting and show well-behavior on different PH [128, 129]. CMP–drug conjugation leads to longer blood circulation of the drug, greater retention in tumor cells, having low cardiotoxicity with no hemolysis [130]. CMP can combine to treat autoimmune diseases with immune suppressants [131]. By adding jeffamines, thermosensitive CMP nanoparticles are created [132]. These nanoparticles are amphiphilic in nature and may maintain acidic, hydrophobic, and fundamental drugs for regulated applications in drug delivery [133]. CMP-Sialyl Lewis X complex can be used to treat various human illnesses (graft rejection, atherosclerosis, ischemia, asthma, etc.). It can readily interact with the expression of the cell-binding molecule E-selectin at inflammatory locations, which enables the delivery of cell-specific drugs in the receptor mediated.
Polymeric Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery
Published in Severian Dumitriu, Valentin Popa, Polymeric Biomaterials, 2020
Karine Andrieux, Julien Nicolas, Laurence Moine, Gillian Barratt
A nonselective selectin ligand (a modified sugar) was synthesized and coupled to a PLA homo-polymer bearing pendant carboxyl groups and rhodamine as a fluorescent tag by Banquy et al. (2008). Nanospheres prepared from these polymers bound to activated human umbilical vein endothelial cells that expressed both E- and P-selectin. Recently, in our laboratory, amphiphilic copolymers based on d,l-lactide and PEG macromonomer as the hydrophilic part have been prepared and decorated with glucose as a model sugar by click chemistry (Jubeli et al., 2010). These polymers form small nanospheres by nanoprecipitation, exposing the sugar at the surface. The ultimate aim is to attach sialyl LewisX, the physiological ligand for E-selectin, in order to target activated endothelium for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
Study of functional drug-eluting stent in promoting endothelialization and antiproliferation
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2020
Ruixia Hou, Leigang Wu, Yabin Zhu, Jin Wang, Zhilu Yang, Qiufen Tu, Nan Huang
P-selectin, also called GMP140, is a 140-kDa granule membrane protein which can be up-regulated by a factor of 10 on the surface membrane of platelets after activation [31]. Therefore, an assessment of P-selectin expression is one of the methods to show platelet activation. Based on fluorescence results (Figure 4(A)), compared with the SS and Ti-O surfaces, there was a lower amount of P-selectin on the P50 surface. For the P50T5, P50T20, and P50T42 samples, there was almost no P-selectin expression because of the inhibitory effect of tacrolimus, and there were almost no platelet clots. Platelet behavior was further evaluated using quantitative P-selectin (GMP140), LDH, and fibrinogen denaturation (γ-chain) assays (Figure 4(B)). These quantitative results demonstrated the same trend as the platelet adhesion and P-selectin staining images. Compared with the other samples, the most serious platelet activation was observed on the SS surface, and the Ti-O and P50 samples were better than the SS sample. After drug was loaded into P50, the GMP140, LDH, and γ-chain values were obviously lower on the P50T5, P50T20, and P50T42 surfaces than on the SS, Ti-O, and P50 surfaces. Higher drug content appeared to lead to the best inhibition. These results demonstrate that tacrolimus plays an important role in inhibiting platelet adhesion, and activation, and it can improve hemocompatibility.
A human whole-blood model to study the activation of innate immunity system triggered by nanoparticles as a demonstrator for toxicity
Published in Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 2019
Kristina N Ekdahl, Karin Fromell, Camilla Mohlin, Yuji Teramura, Bo Nilsson
During an intravascular inflammation, the endothelium may be activated indirectly by cytokines (e.g., tumor necrosis factor) released from leukocytes which have been activated by C5a or other agents, or directly by sublytic concentrations of MAC, and switches to a pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic state [23]. The inflamed ECs produce enzymes (heparanases and metalloproteases) that destroy the glycocalyx and expose receptors such as E-selectin and various adhesion proteins, e.g., intracellular cell adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1). These and other proteins contribute to the binding of activated leukocytes (mainly PMNs) and platelets, which in turn leads to further activation and destruction of the endothelium.
Exercise and inflammation in coronary artery disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials
Published in Journal of Sports Sciences, 2020
Gareth Thompson, Gareth W. Davison, Jacqui Crawford, Ciara M. Hughes
The meta-analyses failed to find significant post-intervention differences between exercise and control groups for VCAM-1, ICAM-1, P-selectin and E-selectin. Although, a positive effect of exercise on ICAM-1 approached statistical significance (P = 0.06). When considering the results of the studies individually, only three (Beckie et al., 2010; Jalaly et al., 2015; Schumacher et al., 2006) of the eight studies (Beckie et al., 2010; Fernandes et al., 2011; Jalaly et al., 2015; Lee et al., 2006; Munk et al., 2011; Oliveira et al., 2015; Ribeiro et al., 2012; Schumacher et al., 2006) that investigated the effect of exercise on adhesion molecules demonstrated a significant effect. However, two of these studies (Beckie et al., 2010; Schumacher et al., 2006) provided an exercise intervention alongside a comprehensive CR programme, which limits attributing these results to an independent effect of exercise. With regard to Ribeiro et al. (2012), no significant within-exercise group changes in the post-intervention levels of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were documented. Yet, the post-intervention values of these adhesion molecules significantly increased in the control group, which resulted in significant between-group differences for changes in ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 levels. Interestingly, these results imply that exercise may supress deterioration in endothelial function. Collectively, the results of this review failed to demonstrate conclusive evidence for a beneficial effect of exercise on adhesion molecules. Nevertheless, the majority of studies possessed small sample sizes, which may account for the non-significant results. Also, the limited data for each adhesion molecule precluded a robust evaluation. Despite the equivocal effect of exercise on adhesion molecules, six studies (Conraads et al., 2015; Lee et al., 2006; Luk et al., 2012; Moholdt et al., 2012; Sixt et al., 2008; Vona et al., 2009) in this review demonstrated an improvement in endothelial function as measured via brachial flow mediated dilatation (FMD). The ability of exercise to stimulate an improvement in brachial FMD was also supported by a recent meta-analysis (Ashor et al., 2015). As such, studies should continue to explore the effect of exercise on adhesion molecules to further illuminate the exercise induced improvements in endothelial function.