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Imaging Cell Adhesion and Migration
Published in Margarida M. Barroso, Xavier Intes, In Vivo, 2020
Chandrani Mondal, Julie Di Martino, Jose Javier Bravo-Cordero
Cell adhesion is a biological process by which cells create contacts either with each other, or with the extracellular matrix (ECM). These adhesions are mediated via cell adhesion molecules (CAM), such as integrins, selectins, and cadherins. The interaction of a cell with a neighboring cell is mediated by adherens junctions, tight junctions, and desmosomes, while the interaction of a cell with the underlying ECM components, such as collagen, fibronectin, and laminin, occurs through focal adhesions, fibrillar adhesions, and hemidesmosomes (Niessen, 2007; Parsons et al., 2010).
CelIs as physical objects
Published in A. Šiber, P. Ziherl, Cellular Patterns, 2018
Cell‐cell adhesion is the fundamental physical process responsible for the existence of tissues. At the molecular scale, adhesion is caused by transmembrane proteins from the cadherin superfamily. There are hundreds of different cadherin types found in animals [27]. Cadherin molecules are anchored in the membrane (Figure 2.10), with their intracellular component attached to contractile actin‐filament bundles of the cell cortex. Their extra‐cellular part binds to a cadherin on the surface of the neighboring cell [28]. Regions of membrane where cells bind to each other are called adherens junctions. In epithelia, they are arranged in a belt‐like formation known as the adhesion belt running around the cell circumference.
Atomic force microscopy
Published in Raquel Seruca, Jasjit S. Suri, João M. Sanches, Fluorescence Imaging and Biological Quantification, 2017
Catarina S. Lopes, Filomena A. Carvalho, Nuno C. Santos
Cell adhesion is a fundamental aspect on both health and disease. In the past decade, single-cell adhesion studies have contributed to the understanding of adhesion proteins and their regulation. AFM-based SCFS has been used to quantify adhesion of numerous cell types to a diverse set of substrates, including extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, biomaterials, and cell–cell adhesion proteins.54 SCFS has been applied as a tool to quantify cell adhesion between two cells to identify key proteins regulating the differential adhesive behavior of zebrafish mesendodermal progenitor cells to fibronectin, thus providing an insight into the germ layer formation and separation between gastrulation zebrafish cells.53,56 It has also contributed for the understanding of differential cell adhesion and cell-cortex tension in germ layer organization in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells with integrin activators.53 AFM allows recording of the actual adhesion force between a bacterium (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Candida albicans. Bacterial adhesion to hyphae was always accompanied by strong adhesion forces, but did not occur on yeast cells (Figure 4.4).57
Surface grafting of sericin onto thermoplastic polyurethanes to improve cell adhesion and function
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2023
Han Du, Zhongmin Chen, Xue Gong, Mingyu Jiang, Guobao Chen, Fuping Wang
The key to in vitro cell culture is the maintenance of their phenotype and function, which means that the prepared biomaterials need to better mimic the cellular microenvironment in a physiological state, thus regulating cell behaviors and functional phenotype at the molecular and cellular levels [7]. Cell adhesion is the starting point for subsequent cellular behaviors such as cell proliferation, and good cell adhesion on the material is a prerequisite for the cell to function. When cells bind to biomaterials, the cells first come into contact with the surface modification molecules of the material rather than the material itself; therefore, the surface modification molecules of the material are the primary factor affecting cell adhesion to the material [8]. It is known that the surface wettability, roughness, surface charge, and bioactive substances of materials can influence cell adhesion, migration, and differentiation on the material surface through integrins on the cell membrane [9]. And these properties of materials are mainly determined by surface chemistry and structure.
Preparative enrichment of human tissue cells capable to change a site of growth in vitro or in vivo - Recent developments
Published in Preparative Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2018
Johann Bauer, Hari H. P. Cohly, Jayashree Sahana, Daniela Grimm
Comparing cell electrophoretic studies with space research reveals an amazing common aspect. By the application of both methods cells were detected, which are able to change or have changed their sites of growth. Interestingly, studies on proteins that are important for the regulation of electrophoretic mobility and for leaving the monolayer on the RPM unveiled a number of common key proteins (Table 1). Proteins mentioned in publications about both types of studies include fibronectin, integrins, focal adhesion kinase, paxillin, vinculin, talin, cell adhesion molecules, and cadherins, which are involved in the adhesion of cells to their neighbor cells or their ECM.[18,52–54,57,61–69] Moreover, also the tumor antigen p53 and caspase-3 were conspicuous, which regulate cellular growth and apoptosis.[56,65,66,70,71]
A preliminary study on surface bioactivation of polyaryletherketone by UV-grafting with PolyNaSS: influence on osteogenic and antibacterial activities
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2022
Yijin Wang, Yabing Jin, Yiyi Chen, Tianlei Han, Yuhong Chen, Chen Wang
Early cell adhesion plays an important role in osseointegration. Therefore, in this study, we assessed the initial adhesion of hWJ-MSCs to these new materials and assessed their viability. After the first day of culture, the number and area of spread of adhered cells increased with the increase of grafting degree (Figure 5(A,B)). In addition, the mRNA levels of ITGα5, ITGβ1, ITGβ5, VCL, FAX and PXN (Figure 6) in hWJ-MSCs grown on the grafted materials significantly increased. An upregulation of these genes is known to contribute to integrin and focal adhesion formation. After the focal adhesion is matured, actin bundles are formed in the cells allowing them to undergo contraction and diffusion [23], and this process was found to occur in cells grown on the modified materials here, as indicated by formation of lamellipodia by cells grown on materials in the grafted group (Figure 5(A)). The difference in cell adhesion between cells grown on the bare and grafted materials may be related to the change in hydrophilicity of the materials. After being grafted with polyNaSS, the hydrophilicity of PEEK and PEKK was significantly enhanced due to the presence of hydrophilic sulfonic acid group in polyNaSS (Figures 1–3) [24]. Hydrophilic surfaces are known to exhibit enhanced protein adsorption [25–27]. Proteins can mediate cell adhesion and provide stimulatory signals to cells through cell adhesion receptors. In our experiment, the BSA adsorption capacity of polyNaSS-grafted PAEK was significantly improved relative to the un-grafted materials (Figure 1(D,E)) [28]. Li et al. [29] have described that when proteins bind to hydrophilic sulfonic acid groups, their structures are more stable and, thus can promote the adhesion of cells, which is the basis of osteogenesis [23, 30]. Since cells grown on SE1.0 and SK1.0 samples had the highest degree of adhesion, they were employed in subsequent experiments (Figure 5).