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Application of Data Mining Techniques in Autoimmune Diseases Research and Treatment
Published in Shampa Sen, Leonid Datta, Sayak Mitra, Machine Learning and IoT, 2018
Sweta Bhattacharya, Sombuddha Sengupta
In this disease, the inherent immune system attacks the body's central nervous system (CNS), damaging the myelin sheath underlining nerve cells and oligodendrocytes. The main damage is done by the T cells, which enter the CNS through the blood vessels and produce inflammatory and degenerative changes.58,59 The exact reason as to why these T cells become active against the CNS is still unknown and intense research is still in progress. This ailment comprises four main types: relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS), primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS), and progressing relapsing multiple sclerosis (PRMS).60 This is indeed a complex disease as there seems to be no solid reason as to why this disease appears. Due to its mysterious origin, there are no specific diagnostic tests allocated for this disease. The main tests employed to detect this are MRI, lumber puncture, evoked potential testing, etc.61 The common symptoms include paralysis, numbness, erectile dysfunction, pregnancy problems, slurred speech, muscle spasticity, etc.
A retrospective chart review of the patient population accessing augmentative & alternative communication at an urban assistive technology center
Published in Assistive Technology, 2023
Allison Bean, Julia Zezinka, Carmen DiGiovine, Amy Miller Sonntag, Megan Case
It is important to note that although the majority of patients seeking evaluations at the AT center have progressive diseases, there were notable differences across these individuals. Twenty of the patients had a diagnosis of ALS, four had a diagnosis of Huntington’s disease, two had a diagnosis of primary progressive aphasia and the remaining two patients had diagnoses of Multiple Sclerosis and Parkinson’s disease. Although these are all progressive diseases, the progression and associated symptoms vary. Multiple Sclerosis – a central nervous disease that impacts the brain, spinal cord and optic nerves – follows four different disease courses (National MS Society, n.d.). Like Multiple Sclerosis, ALS is a nervous system disease that affects the brain and spinal cord. Although the signs and symptoms of ALS vary from person to person, disease the disease progression looks similar over time. The disease progresses until it eventually affects an individual’s control of the muscles needed to move, eat, speak and breathe (Mayo Clinic, n.d.). These examples illustrate how even when working with patient’s who fall under a general disease category (e.g., progressive diseases) the needs of each individual and progression of the disease may vary within and across disease type. As such, SLPs may not rely on a one-size-fits all approach to AAC device prescription or treatment.
Interaction between people with dysarthria and speech recognition systems: A review
Published in Assistive Technology, 2023
Aisha Jaddoh, Fernando Loizides, Omer Rana
However, people with speech impairments – specifically, those with moderate to severe dysarthria, a neurological motor speech disorder that results in speech difficulties, poor speech intelligibility, difficulty coordinating breaths and speech and inconsistency in the production of the same word over multiple trials – may have difficulty using ASR technologies. Dysarthria could be caused by different diseases, for example, multiple sclerosis or motor neuron disease, or occur after strokes and brain injuries. Research on the interactions between people with dysarthria and speech technologies has been recognized since 1985 (Fried-Oken, 1985), with several studies examining speech intelligibility’s contribution to ASR performance. Ferrier et al. (1995) examined the correlation between speaker intelligibility and recognition success, finding that intelligibility has a strong correlation with ASR performance. Thomas-Stonell et al. (1998), Rosen and Yampolsky (2000), and Young and Mihailidis (2010)
Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of antimicrobial potential of zinc(II) complexes of nitro-substituted hydroxamic acid chelators
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2022
Shubham Sharma, Neeraj Sharma, Meena Kumari, Mridula Thakur
The coordination chemistry of zinc has drawn considerable attention over the years to form complexes with sulfur-, nitrogen-, and oxygen-containing ligands displaying versatility in structures, bonding modes and coordination number [1]. Zinc is not only an essential trace element for humans, animals, plants and microorganisms, but also the only metal found in representatives of all six International Union of Crystallography classes of enzymes, namely oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, isomerases and ligases [2]. Zinc is an efficient Lewis acid and useful catalytic agent in hydroxylation and other enzymatic reactions. The catalytic product of the zinc(II)-containing tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) converting enzyme (TACE) has been reported to be implicated in diseases, viz. rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease and multiple sclerosis [3]. The role of zinc in a wide range of cellular processes, such as cell proliferation, reproduction, immune function and defense against free radicals, has been well established [4]. Owing to the pronounced biological activities and as a constituent of proteins and enzymes, zinc is known to be indispensable to growth and development and transmission to genetic messages. The dominance of tetrahedral metal binding sites in metallo-proteins demonstrates its preference for a tetrahedral geometry. Numerous zinc complexes have been reported to possess efficient antimicrobial, anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities [5–8].